The state of the world's cities : globalization and urban culture

'This report not only documents problems in the world's cities, it directs our attention to policies, programmes and projects that can help to create multicultural and inclusive cities. As the report emphasizes ... we need to plan for cities of difference, and capitalize on the benefits of multicultural existence. This requires the engagement of all non-governmental and community stakeholders, on the basis of legislation that guarantees citizens' rights to the city, and judicial systems that enforce those rights.By addressing the relationship between globalization, culture and poverty within cities, this report will help the assessment of progress towards the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals and Targets, particularly those relating to slums, water and sanitation. Its conclusions stand as a clear challenge to city planners and managers to nurture an urban culture of peace - one that supports the eradication of poverty and ensures that all urban dwellers, regardless of their race, sex, language or religion, are full citizens of the cities in which they live'From the foreword by Kofi Annan, Secretary-General, United NationsAs towns and cities grow at unprecedented rates, sustainable urbanization is on of the most pressing challenges facing the global community in the 21st century. Cities are the hub og much national production and consumption - economic and social processes that generate wealth and form urban culture.The State of the World's Cities 2004/2005 looks at how this potential can be used to address current challenges and create dynamic, multicultural and inclusive urban settings. Using extensive examples and illustrations, and with contributions from many of the world's leading urban scholars, it lays out the conditions for a new culture of planning, involving civil society as well as public authorities, to ensure participation of even the most marginalized sectors.Published with UN-HABITAT

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The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) promotes socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.

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Choice Review

Described as the second report in the "State of the World's Cities" series, this is actually at least the fourth report of UN-Habitat since 1996 that focuses on the conditions and trends in the world's cities. The attractive and extremely informative report is loaded with photos, charts, tables, figures, and maps, as well as boxes that convey an enormous amount of information. The theme is the impact of globalization on the world's cities, with particular attention to cities in developing nations and the challenge of growing diversity. The ideas, terminology, accounts, and data are current, drawing on the expertise of several scholars who contributed the seven chapters covering globalization, urban development, metropolitan growth, international migration, urban poverty, challenges of urban governance, and urban planning. Four chapters explicitly describe and compare cities and urban change in transitional and advanced economy countries in four geographic regions. The report touches on hundreds of issues and phenomena tied together by the UN's general concern for social justice, especially for international migrants and the urban poor everywhere. The excellent bibliography, useful index, reasonable price, and high readability make it welcome in high school and college classrooms. ^BSumming Up: Highly recommended. All levels and libraries. G. M. Massey University of Wyoming

Foreword	p. v
Introduction	p. vii
Acknowledgements	p. ix
List of Maps, Figures, Tables and Boxes	p. xiv
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations	p. xvii
Overview	p. 1
Changes and challenges in a globalizing world	p. 2
New cultural strategies of urban development	p. 4
Globalization, culture and planning inclusive cities	p. 5
1 The Impacts of Globalization on Cities	p. 9
The cultural dimension	p. 10
Overall impacts of globalization on urban culture	p. 11
Emergence of urban ethnic spaces	p. 13
The economic dimension	p. 15
The social dimension	p. 19
Institutional and political dimensions	p. 20
Spatial changes	p. 21
The demographic dimension	p. 24
Challenges for policy and management	p. 25
Creating multicultural, inclusive cities	p. 25
Maintaining stability, equilibria and balances in the face of exogenous change	p. 26
Building and strengthening capacities	p. 27
Establishing a longer time frame for decision-making	p. 27
Maintaining the physical world of infrastructure	p. 28
Financing investment and operations	p. 28
Mobilizing for sustainability	p. 29
Defending the public interest in cities in an era of globalization	p. 29
2 Cultural Strategies for Urban Development	p. 31
Redevelopment of urban spaces	p. 32
Redevelopment of inner-city areas	p. 33
Preservation of cultural heritage	p. 35
Gentrification	p. 37
Growth of cultural industries	p. 38
The consumption spaces of globalizing cities	p. 42
Fusion in the design and architecture of consumption spaces	p. 43
Enclosure of consumption spaces	p. 47
Towards an inclusive urban culture	p. 47
3 Metropolitanization	p. 49
Dimensions of metropolitanization	p. 51
The spatial dimension	p. 51
The social morphology dimension	p. 52
The institutional dimension	p. 54
The economic dimension	p. 57
Twentieth-century trends: managing differences and externalities at different scales	p. 58
Fragmentation	p. 58
Differentiation, inequalities and polarization	p. 58
Spatial mismatch	p. 59
Metropolitan development in an age of globalization	p. 60
Trends in developing countries	p. 62
Asia and the Pacific	p. 62
Latin America and the Caribbean	p. 64
Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA)	p. 67
Sub-Saharan Africa	p. 69
Trends in transition economy countries	p. 71
Trends in advanced economy countries	p. 73
4 International Migration: Socio-economic and Cultural Implications	p. 76
Global overview	p. 77
Regional trends	p. 77
Economic impacts	p. 79
Social and cultural impacts	p. 81
Policy aspects	p. 82
Developing countries	p. 83
Asia and the Pacific	p. 83
Latin America and the Caribbean	p. 86
Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA)	p. 88
Sub-Saharan Africa	p. 91
Economies in transition	p. 94
Advanced economies	p. 96
5 Assessing Living Conditions: Focus on Urban Poverty	p. 101
Slums and urban poverty	p. 103
Developing economies	p. 106
Asia and the Pacific: an unprecedented decline in poverty	p. 106
Poverty, inequalities and slums in Latin America and the Caribbean	p. 110
Urban poverty in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA): progress hindered by conflicts and poor governance	p. 113
Sub-Saharan Africa: more urban poor in life-threatening conditions	p. 116
Urban poverty in the transition economies	p. 121
Homelessness in the advanced economies	p. 124
6 Urban Governance: Safety and Transparency in a Globalizing World	p. 131
Global overview	p. 132
Overall urban crime trends in the world	p. 134
Regional trends in urban crime	p. 136
Asia and the Pacific	p. 137
Latin America and the Caribbean	p. 138
Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA)	p. 142
Sub-Saharan Africa	p. 143
Transition economies	p. 149
Advanced economies	p. 151
Is there a way forward?	p. 156
7 Globalization and the Changing Culture of Planning	p. 159
Notable features of contemporary planning cultures	p. 160
Planning cultures: a preliminary assessment	p. 172
Principles of an emerging planning culture	p. 174
Planning as an innovative practice	p. 174
The expanded scope of planning	p. 175
Expanded and multiple scales of planning	p. 175
Planning for an endogenous development	p. 176
Planning for cities of difference	p. 177
The critical role of civil society	p. 178
A strategic focus for planning	p. 180
The governance of city planning	p. 181
The future of spatial planning	p. 182
References	p. 184
Photo Credits	p. 192
Index	p. 193

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