Children at work : health and safety risks

This book provides guidance on occupational safety and health specifically addressed to working children, and illustrates how this can be achieved within a national policy framework aimed at the elimination of child labour. Topics covered include: procedures to identify hazardous working conditions; information on possible child-related occupational diseases; updated information on health and safety risks; and current studies including examples of successful responses. The second edition of the publication also takes account of the provisions of the ILO's Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), covering work that is likely to harm the health, safety and morals of children.

Author Notes

Valentina Forastieri is Principal Specialist in Occupational Health and Safety at the ILO.

Preface to the second edition	p. v
Preface to the first edition	p. ix
Part I Children's health and hazardous work	p. 1
1. Introduction	p. 1
2. Current legislation and child labour	p. 3
International standards	p. 6
3. Sources of information on the health of working children	p. 9
Data on occupational injuries and work-related diseases	p. 10
4. The effects of work on the health status of working children	p. 11
Growth and development	p. 11
Malnutrition	p. 13
Morbidity and mortality	p. 15
Endemic diseases	p. 16
Diarrhoea	p. 17
Vitamin A deficiency	p. 17
Iron deficiency	p. 18
Iodine deficiency	p. 18
Acute respiratory infections (ARI)	p. 18
Adolescent health	p. 19
5. Occupational hazards for working children in specific occupations and industries	p. 21
Examples of hazardous occupations and their consequences for the health of working children	p. 25
Occupational accidents	p. 55
Occupational diseases	p. 57
Ergonomic hazards	p. 58
Harmful substances and sources of exposure	p. 59
Exposure to physical agents	p. 74
Psychosocial hazards	p. 74
Part II Strategies to address child labour from a health perspective	p. 87
1. Introduction	p. 87
2. A policy framework at national level	p. 88
3. Priorities for action	p. 89
4. Evaluation of children's working conditions	p. 92
Identification and use of sources of information	p. 92
Expert system for the identification of occupational diseases in clinical and surveillance applications	p. 98
Sentinel Health Event (occupational)	p. 105
Health status evaluation	p. 108
Recommendations concerning chemical exposure	p. 116
Exposure limits	p. 117
5. An occupational safety and health programme	p. 118
Protected working conditions	p. 120
Extension of protection to other groups	p. 122
Access to health care through primary health care (PHC)	p. 122
Impact assessment	p. 127
Involvement of the paediatric community	p. 129
Rehabilitation	p. 130
6. Education and training	p. 131
After-school and other special programmes	p. 132
Apprenticeship	p. 132
Access to education	p. 134
Health education	p. 135
7. Ethical aspects	p. 136
8. Mobilization and public awareness	p. 137
The role of the social partners	p. 138
Public awareness	p. 139
Community involvement	p. 141
Strategies for communication and information dissemination	p. 142
9. Legislation and enforcement	p. 145
10. ILO action in this field	p. 147
11. Final remarks	p. 148
Bibliography	p. 151
Figures
1. Algorithm for diagnosis	p. 100
2. Sentinel Health Event (occupational): Model table	p. 107
Tables
1. Occupational diseases and other health impairments caused by physical, biological and chemical agents	p. 26
2. Examples of hazardous occupations and their consequences for the health of working children	p. 76
3. Disease database	p. 102
Boxes
1. Information sources for health data	p. 96
2. Job-exposure database	p. 101
3. Priority list of activities prohibited to children	p. 111
4. Definition of target group(s)	p. 113
5. Health history form	p. 115
6. Primary health care principles	p. 123
Index	p. 161

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Author Notes

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