Decent working time new trends, new issues

Başlık:

Yazar:

International Labour Office.

ISBN:

9789221179504

Corporate Author:

International Labour Office.

Yayım Bilgisi:

Geneva : International Labour Office, 2006.

Fiziksel Tanım:

1 vol. (XXII-464 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm

Abstract:

Includes selected papers from the 9th International Symposium on Working Time, Paris (2004), looking at the increasing use of results-based employment relationships for managers and professionals, and the increasing fragmentation of time to more closely tailor staffing needs to customer requirements (e.g., short-hours, part-time work). Moreover, as operating/opening hours rapidly expand toward a 24-hour and 7-day economy, the book considers how this has resulted in a growing diversification, decentralization, and individualization of working hours, as well as an increasing tension between enterprises' business requirements and workers' needs and preferences regarding their hours. It addresses issues such as increasing employment insecurity and instability, time-related social inequalities, particularly in relation to gender, workers' ability to balance their paid work with their personal lives, and the synchronization of working hours with social times, such as community activities. In addition, the book offers suggestions on how policy-makers, academics, and the social partners can together help further develop effective policies for advancing "decent working time.

Corporate Subject:

ILO.

Konu Terimleri:

Hours of labor.

Çalışma saatleri.

Labor laws and legislation.

İş hukuku ve mevzuat.

Right to labor.

Çalışma hakları.

Hours of labor -- Cross-cultural studies.

Çalışma saatleri -- Kültürlerarası çalışmalar.

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Searching... Pamukkale Merkez Kütüphanesi	Kitap	0103220	HD5106 D43 2006	Searching... Unknown

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Including international comparative analysis alongside national case studies, this volume offers a wealth of information on the new trends which have emerged over the past decades - all of which were discussed at the recent 9th International Symposium on Working Time, Paris (2004). It looks at the increasing use of results-based employment relationships for managers and professionals, and the increasing fragmentation of time to more closely tailor staffing needs to customer requirements (e.g., short-hours, part-time work). Moreover, as operating/opening hours rapidly expand toward a 24-hour and 7-day economy, the book considers how this has resulted in a growing diversification, decentralization, and individualization of working hours, as well as an increasing tension between enterprises' business requirements and workers' needs and preferences regarding their hours. This new reality has raised some other challenging issues as well and the volume addresses those such as increasing employment insecurity and instability, time-related social inequalities, particularly in relation to gender, workers' ability to balance their paid work with their personal lives, and even the synchronization of working hours with social times, such as community activities.

Author Notes

Jon C. Messenger is senior research officer in the Conditions of Work and Employment program at the International Labor Office. Jean-Yves Boulin works at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Socio-économie à l'Université de Paris-Dauphine (IRES). Michel Lallement works at Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire pour la Sociologie Économique, CNRS, and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris. François Michon works at CNRS, Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, and IRES.

Jean-Yves Boulin and Michel Lallement and Francois MichonGerhard BoschSangheon Lee and Deirdre McCannDominique Anxo and Jean-Yves Boulin and Colette FaganJill Rubery and Kevin Ward and Damian GrimshawDidier Fouarge and Christine BaaijensPascal Charpentier and Michel Lallement and Florence Lefresne and Jocelyne Loos-BaroinLonnie GoldenMara Yerkes and Jelle VisserNicole Gadrey and Florence Jany-Catrice and Martine Pernod-LemattreJouko Natti and Timo Anttila and Mia VaisanenThomas HaipeterThierry RibaultPaul Bouffartigue and Jacques BouteillerIsik U. Zeytinoglu and Gordon B. CookeJon C. Messenger

Foreword	p. v
Contents	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xxi
Introduction	p. 1
Part I New Stakes and Policies	p. 11
1 Decent working time in industrialized countries: Issues, scopes and paradoxes	p. 13
1.1 Introduction	p. 13
1.2 Working time: Issues and policies over the last decades	p. 14
1.3 From decent work to decent working time	p. 20
1.3.1 "Decent work"	p. 21
1.3.2 Time and "decent work"	p. 25
1.4 Paradox and contradictions of policies today	p. 28
1.4.1 Working time policies in Europe: Paradoxical precepts	p. 28
1.4.2 Current trends in working time and decent working time	p. 31
1.5 Reconfiguring working time policies based on the concept of decent working time	p. 34
2 Working time and the Standard employment relationship	p. 41
2.1 Introduction	p. 41
2.2 The definition and function of the SER	p. 43
2.3 The evolution of the SER in the EU	p. 47
2.4 The causes of the change in the SER	p. 51
2.5 Approaches to a new, flexible SER	p. 57
3 Working time capability: Towards realizing individual choice	p. 65
3.1 Introduction	p. 65
3.2 The capabilities approach and working time	p. 67
3.3 Working time preferences and capabilities	p. 70
3.4 Working time capability, social rights and worker-choice laws	p. 78
3.5 Towards advancing working time capability through worker-choice measures: Some policy considerations	p. 82
4 Decent working time in a life-course perspective	p. 93
4.1 Introduction	p. 93
4.2 The relevance of a new organization of work throughout the life course	p. 96
4.2.1 Changes that foster the need for a new organization of time throughout the life course	p. 98
4.2.2 The emergence of life-course policies in Europe	p. 99
4.3 Life-course profiles: A cross-national comparison	p. 101
4.3.1 Gender disparities in the patterns of labour market integration and working time arrangements over the life course	p. 102
4.4 Empirical evidence of the emergence of a life-course perspective in time policies	p. 109
4.4.1 Trends at the institutional level	p. 110
4.4.2 Firms tend to limit the use of WTOs to parenthood and exit from the labour market	p. 113
4.5 Conditions for implementing a new organization of time over the life course	p. 115
4.5.1 Conditions related to the social protection system	p. 116
4.5.2 The new organization of time over the life course as part of the employment dynamic and as a device for enhancing social cohesion	p. 118
4.6 Conclusion	p. 120
5 Time, work and pay: Understanding the new relationships	p. 123
5.1 Introduction	p. 123
5.2 Reconstituting the employment relationship: The impact of working time changes	p. 124
5.3 Exploring the processes of working time change	p. 127
5.3.1 Employment relations and new working time arrangements	p. 129
5.3.2 Organizational and workplace drivers for new working time arrangements	p. 135
5.3.3 Employee compliance: How employers succeeded in implementing the new working time practices	p. 141
5.4 Conclusion	p. 144
Appendix	p. 146
Part II Individual Choices and Collective Options	p. 153
6 Labour supply preferences and job mobility of Dutch employees	p. 155
6.1 Introduction	p. 155
6.2 The Dutch labour market in international perspective	p. 156
6.2.1 A right to change the number of working hours	p. 159
6.3 Previous research	p. 160
6.4 Model and data	p. 162
6.4.1 Modelling the effect of the Adjustment of Working Hours Act	p. 163
6.5 Working hours preferences	p. 164
6.6 Changes in working hours	p. 166
6.6.1 Reducing labour supply	p. 166
6.6.2 Increasing labour supply	p. 171
6.7 Conclusion	p. 173
6.7.1 Policy implications	p. 174
Appendix 6.1 Probit models for the decrease and increase in working hours	p. 176
Appendix 6.2 Selection equation	p. 177
7 The French 35-hour week: A decent working time pattern? Lessons from case studies	p. 181
7.1 Introduction	p. 181
7.1.1 Reduction of working time - a lever for improving decent working time?	p. 181
7.1.2 The Aubry laws - public controversy and corporate compromise	p. 182
7.1.3 Reduced time and combining the components of decent working time	p. 185
7.2 Imperfect bargaining conditions	p. 187
7.2.1 Negotiations on the employers' initiative	p. 189
7.2.2 Negotiations with numerous constraints	p. 189
7.2.3 Negotiating issues: Work rather than employment	p. 191
7.3 From rules to practice	p. 192
7.3.1 Compromises and adjustments of standards, negotiated in conditions of economic uncertainty	p. 193
7.3.2 Managerial logic and management measures as sources of tension for employees	p. 195
7.3.3 The contingent nature of decent working time practices and patterns	p. 197
7.4 Subjective working time preferences: A complex interpretation	p. 198
7.4.1 Perceptions of working time in the four companies: A situational perspective	p. 200
7.4.2 Aspects of decent working time	p. 201
7.4.3 The conditions of decent working time	p. 203
7.4.4 Decent working time and decent pay	p. 203
7.4.5 Decent working time and staff cohesion	p. 204
7.4.6 Decent working time and stable rules	p. 205
7.5 Conclusion	p. 205
8 Overemployment in the United States: Which workers are willing to reduce their work-hours and income?	p. 209
8.1 Introduction	p. 209
8.2 Measuring overemployment	p. 210
8.3 Refining the concept of overemployment	p. 215
8.3.1 Overemployment at the microeconomic level	p. 215
8.3.2 Overemployment at the macroeconomic level	p. 216
8.4 Explaining the rise and fall of overemployment as a dynamic labour supply process	p. 217
8.5 Hypotheses	p. 222
8.6 Empirical findings: Demographic characteristics of over-employment	p. 223
8.7 Findings: Work-hours and job status characteristics	p. 226
8.7.1 Job characteristics: Occupations and industries	p. 227
8.8 Summary and implications of the results: Towards decent working time policies	p. 228
9 Women's preferences or delineated policies? The development of part-time work in the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom	p. 235
9.1 Introduction	p. 235
9.2 General developments	p. 238
9.3 The Netherlands	p. 242
9.4 Germany and the United Kingdom	p. 245
9.4.1 Germany	p. 246
9.4.2 United Kingdom	p. 251
9.5 Conclusion	p. 256
Part III Flexibilities and Conditions of Work	p. 263
10 The working conditions of blue-collar and white-collar worker's in France compared: A question of time	p. 265
10.1 Introduction	p. 265
10.2 Employment and working conditions of unskilled white-collar workers in France	p. 267
10.2.1 Some methodological preliminaries	p. 267
10.2.2 Employment conditions and pay	p. 270
10.2.3 Working conditions characteristic of a changing labour market	p. 273
10.2.4 A change in the nature of working conditions	p. 274
10.3 Unskilled white-collar workers and temporal availability	p. 278
10.3.1 The need to go beyond statistical analysis, or the importance of interviews in identifying temporal availability	p. 278
10.3.2 The forms of temporal availability	p. 279
10.3.3 Specific forms of temporal availability	p. 280
10.3.4 The five dimensions of "decent working time"	p. 283
10.3.5 Part-time work in services and "decent working time"	p. 283
10.4 Conclusion	p. 285
11 Managers and working time in Finland	p. 289
11.1 Introduction	p. 289
11.1.1 The changing working time regime and decent working time	p. 289
11.1.2 Working hours in Finland	p. 290
11.1.3 Managerial work and working time	p. 291
11.1.4 Knowledge workers as forerunners of the changing working time regime: Threat or opportunity for decent working time?	p. 292
11.1.5 Factors behind long working hours	p. 294
11.1.6 Preferred hours	p. 295
11.1.7 Aims and study approach	p. 297
11.2 Methods	p. 297
11.2.1 Participants and procedure	p. 297
11.3 Results	p. 298
11.3.1 Blurring working hours	p. 298
11.3.2 Long working hours	p. 301
11.3.3 Reasons for stretching working hours	p. 303
11.3.4 Preferred working hours	p. 306
11.4 Discussion	p. 309
Appendix 11.1 Sample attrition analysis	p. 313
12 Can norms survive market pressures? The practical effectiveness of new forms of working time regulation in a changing German economy	p. 319
12.1 Introduction: Flexibilization and erosion	p. 319
12.2 Working time regulation and changes in production systems	p. 321
12.3 The characteristics of new forms of working time regulation - the case studies	p. 326
12.4 The practical effectiveness of working time regulatory systems	p. 330
12.4.1 The change in the function of flexi-time	p. 330
12.4.2 The dominance of paid overtime	p. 331
12.4.3 The forfeiture of working time	p. 332
12.4.4 The withdrawal of time credits from long-term accounts	p. 334
12.4.5 Individualized bargaining	p. 335
12.4.6 The anchor role of co-determination	p. 336
12.5 Conclusion	p. 337
Part IV Quality, Efficiency and Inequalities	p. 343
13 Time management in a service economy: The case of Japan	p. 345
13.1 Introduction	p. 345
13.2 Age as a key factor in societal conventions on pay, the family and temporal availability	p. 346
13.3 Some empirical data on temporal availability in Japan and its evolution	p. 349
13.3.1 Working time	p. 349
13.3.2 Domestic time	p. 352
13.4 The three conventions: Structural or marginal changes?	p. 357
13.4.1 Limited individualization of life histories	p. 357
13.4.2 Conventions on availability and welfare and competency regimes	p. 359
13.5 Conclusion	p. 364
14 Two occupational groups facing the challenge of temporal availability: Hospital nurses and bank managerial staff in France, Belgium and Spain	p. 369
14.1 Introduction	p. 369
14.2 A multi-level approach	p. 370
14.3 Three national contexts	p. 372
14.3.1 Statistical overview	p. 372
14.3.2 Formalized regulation of working time	p. 374
14.4 Female hospital nurses	p. 374
14.4.1 France	p. 378
14.4.2 Belgium	p. 380
14.4.3 Spain	p. 381
14.4.4 Comparative remarks	p. 383
14.5 Bank managers	p. 383
14.5.1 France	p. 384
14.5.2 Belgium	p. 386
14.5.3 Spain	p. 387
14.5.4 Comparative remarks	p. 389
14.6 Conclusion	p. 390
15 Who is working at weekends? Determinants of regular weekend work in Canada	p. 395
15.1 Introduction	p. 395
15.2 The context, theoretical background and factors associated with weekend work	p. 397
15.3 Methodology	p. 400
15.4 Characteristics of the workers	p. 404
15.5 Percentage of workers in regular weekend work	p. 404
15.6 Multivariate analysis results	p. 408
15.7 Summary and conclusion	p. 412
Part V Conclusion	p. 417
16 Towards decent working time	p. 419
16.1 Background	p. 419
16.2 Healthy working time	p. 420
16.3 "Family-friendly" working time	p. 423
16.4 Gender equality through working time	p. 427
16.5 Productive working time	p. 430
16.6 Choice and influence regarding working time	p. 433
16.7 Future directions	p. 436

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