This book intends to serve as textbook for faculty and students and thus contains a broad introduction and basic terms of biomterials and biopolymers followed by major developments over the years with some emphasis on recent developments and future prospects. The book provides a comprehensive overview in biomaterials and biopolymers. All relevant aspects of modern biomaterials, including: synthesis and characterization, biocompatibility and host respond, the implementation of novel manufacturing processes, and advanced medical and biotechnological applications. Each chapter provides an overview of a specific field, its importance, the chemistry of biomaterials and the relations between chemical structure and the applications. Each chapter ends with a future prospective/concepts and a friendly quiz/multiple answer questions with answers that serves as a resource to provide guided additional practice.