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Library | Materyal Türü | Barkod | Yer Numarası | Durum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... Pamukkale Merkez Kütüphanesi | Kitap | 0024713 | TP372.6.H83 1996 | Searching... Unknown |
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Özet
Özet
Considering the ability of food processing companies to consistently manu facture safe foods with uniform quality over the past 20 or 30 years without these new tools and new systems, one might expect that quality control improvements would be marginal. On the other hand, these changes have already provided sub stantial opportunities for process and product improvement. This second edition is intended to update the basic concepts and discuss some of the new ones. Preface to the First Edition If an automobile tire leaks or an electric light switch fails, if we are short-changed at a department store or erroneously billed for phone calls not made, if a plane de parture is delayed due to a mechanical failure-these are rather ordinary annoy ances which we have come to accept as normal occurrences. Contrast this with failure of a food product. If foreign matter is found in a food, if a product is discolored or crushed, if illness or discomfort occurs when a food product is eaten-the consumer reacts with anger, fear, and sometimes mass hys teria. The offending product is often returned to the seller, or a disgruntled letter is written to the manufacturer. In an extreme case, an expensive law suit may be filed against the company. The reaction is almost as severe if the failure is a dif ficult-to-open package or a leaking container. There is no tolerance for failure of food products.
Author Notes
Merton R. Hubbard is a consultant in Quality Systems, with over thirty years of industrial experience. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in California in Industrial Engineering and Quality Engineering. He is also a fellow of the American Society for Quality Control and carries their national certification as Quality Engineer
Table of Contents
| Preface to the third edition | p. ix |
| Preface to the second edition | p. xi |
| Preface to the first edition | p. xiii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xv |
| 1 Introduction | p. 1 |
| Variability | p. 2 |
| Quality Control Programs | p. 3 |
| Problems with Tool Selection | p. 8 |
| Quality Control Tools | p. 8 |
| 2 Food Quality System | p. 15 |
| The Formalized Quality System | p. 15 |
| Quality System Guidelines | p. 16 |
| Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award | p. 27 |
| Total Quality Management | p. 28 |
| Team Quality Systems | p. 30 |
| Computer Network Quality Systems | p. 30 |
| Summary | p. 30 |
| 3 Control Charts | p. 49 |
| The Importance of Charting | p. 49 |
| Procedure for Constructing X-Bar and R Charts | p. 53 |
| Procedures for Constructing Attribute Charts | p. 57 |
| 4 Fundamentals | p. 71 |
| Analysis of Data | p. 71 |
| Probability | p. 76 |
| Binomial Distribution | p. 78 |
| The Normal Distribution | p. 82 |
| Distribution of Sample Means | p. 84 |
| Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution | p. 90 |
| t-Distribution | p. 92 |
| Confidence Limits for the Population Mean | p. 93 |
| Statistical Hypotheses--Testing Hypotheses | p. 95 |
| Distribution of the Difference Between Means | p. 100 |
| Paired Observations | p. 103 |
| F-Distribution | p. 104 |
| Analysis of Variance | p. 105 |
| Two Criteria of Classification | p. 111 |
| 5 Sampling | p. 115 |
| Sampling Plans | p. 115 |
| Why Sample? | p. 116 |
| Samples from Different Distributions | p. 117 |
| Sample Size | p. 118 |
| How to Take Samples | p. 123 |
| Types of Samples | p. 128 |
| Sampling Plans | p. 131 |
| Types of Inspection | p. 131 |
| Classes of Defects | p. 132 |
| Sampling Risks | p. 135 |
| Selection of Population to be Sampled | p. 136 |
| Selection of Sample Frequency and Location | p. 137 |
| Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point | p. 138 |
| Attribute Sampling Plans | p. 149 |
| 6 Test Methods | p. 151 |
| General Analysis | p. 153 |
| Special Instrumentation | p. 153 |
| Microbiology | p. 153 |
| Sensory | p. 153 |
| 7 Product Specifications | p. 157 |
| 8 Product Capability | p. 163 |
| Capability Index | p. 170 |
| Benchmarking | p. 173 |
| 9 Process Control | p. 177 |
| Chart Patterns | p. 179 |
| Using the Control Chart as a Quality Management Tool | p. 184 |
| 10 Sensory Testing | p. 187 |
| The Senses | p. 188 |
| Sensory Testing Methods | p. 189 |
| Types of Panels | p. 194 |
| Selection and Training | p. 197 |
| 11 Net Content Control | p. 201 |
| Evaluation of Net Content Performance | p. 205 |
| Interpreting Net Content Control | p. 205 |
| Procedures for Setting Fill Targets | p. 213 |
| 12 Design of Experiments | p. 219 |
| Introduction | p. 219 |
| Elimination of Extraneous Variables | p. 222 |
| Handling many Factors Simultaneously | p. 226 |
| Full Factorial Designs | p. 227 |
| Fractional Factorial Designs | p. 232 |
| Response Surface Designs | p. 236 |
| Mixture Designs | p. 239 |
| Experimental Design Analysis by Control Chart | p. 248 |
| 13 Vendor Quality Assurance | p. 253 |
| Vendor-Vendee Relations | p. 255 |
| Specifications for Raw Materials, Ingredients, Supplies | p. 257 |
| Quality Assurance of Purchased Goods | p. 259 |
| Selecting and Nurturing a Supplier | p. 263 |
| Packaging Supplier Quality Assurance | p. 266 |
| Supplier Certification Programs | p. 271 |
| 14 Implementing a Quality Control Program | p. 275 |
| Management Commitment | p. 275 |
| Getting Started | p. 276 |
| An In-House Program | p. 277 |
| Team Quality Systems | p. 279 |
| Stepwise Procedures for Team Problem Solving | p. 282 |
| Programs without Management Support | p. 284 |
| Training Quality Control Technicians | p. 287 |
| Summary | p. 288 |
| 15 The Computer and Process Control | p. 289 |
| Computer Integrated Management | p. 289 |
| Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems | p. 291 |
| Computer-controlled Processing | p. 294 |
| Summary | p. 307 |
| 16 Six-Sigma | p. 309 |
| Summary | p. 313 |
| Appendix | p. 315 |
| References | p. 335 |
| Index | p. 339 |
