| Preface | p. xi |
| Part 1 Introduction to Psychopharmacology: How Drugs Interact with the Body and the Brain | p. 1 |
| 1 Pharmacokinetics: How Drugs Are Handled by the Body | p. 3 |
| Drug Absorption |
| Drug Distribution |
| Termination of Drug Action |
| Time Course of Drug Distribution and Elimination: Concept of Drug Half-Life |
| Drug Half-Life, Accumulation, and Steady State |
| Therapeutic Drug Monitoring |
| Drug Tolerance and Dependence |
| 2 Pharmacodynamics: How Drugs Act | p. 37 |
| Receptors for Drug Action |
| Dose-Response Relationships |
| Drug Safety and Effectiveness |
| 3 The Neuron, Synaptic Transmission, and Neurotransmitters | p. 60 |
| Overall Organization of the CNS |
| The Neuron |
| Specific Neurotransmitters |
| Part 2 Drugs That Depress Brain Function: Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs | p. 89 |
| 4 Ethyl Alcohol and the Inhalants of Abuse | p. 91 |
| Ethyl Alcohol |
| Pharmacology of Alcohol |
| Alcoholism and Its Pharmacological Treatment |
| Inhalants of Abuse |
| Why Inhalants Are Abused and Who Abuses Them |
| Acute Intoxication and Chronic Effects |
| Chapter 4 Appendix: What Is a Drink? How Much Alcohol Is in My Drink? |
| 5 Barbiturates, General Anesthetics, Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and Antiepileptic Drugs | p. 140 |
| Historical Background |
| Sites and Mechanisms of Action |
| Sedative-Induced Brain Dysfunction |
| Specific Depressants |
| Barbiturates |
| Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs |
| General Anesthetics |
| Gamma Hydroxybutyrate |
| Antiepileptic Drugs |
| Relationships Between Structure and Activity |
| Specific Agents |
| Antiepileptic Drugs in Pregnancy |
| 6 Benzodiazapines and Second-Generation Anxiolytics | p. 164 |
| Benzodiazepines |
| What Is a Benzodiazapine? |
| Mechanism of Action: Benzodiazepine-GABA Receptor |
| Pharmacokinetics |
| Pharmacological Effects |
| Clinical Uses and Limitations |
| Side Effects and Toxicity |
| Tolerance and Dependence |
| Effects in Pregnancy |
| Flumazenil: A GABA[subscript A] Antagonist |
| Second-Generation Anxiolytics |
| Zolpidem |
| Zaleplon and Zopiclone |
| Partial Agonists at GABA[subscript A] Receptors |
| Serotoninergic Anxiolytics |
| Anticonvulsants as Anxiolytics |
| Part 3 Drugs That Stimulate Brain Function: Psychostimulants | p. 189 |
| 7 Cocaine and the Amphetamines | p. 190 |
| Cocaine |
| Forms of Cocaine |
| Pharmacokinetics |
| Mechanism of Action |
| Pharmacological Effects in Human Beings |
| Comorbidity |
| Cocaine and Pregnancy |
| Neurotoxicity of Cocaine |
| Pharmacological Treatment of Cocaine Dependency |
| Psychosocial Interventions for Cocaine Dependence |
| Amphetamines |
| Mechanism of Action |
| Pharmacological Effects |
| Dependence and Tolerance |
| Ice: A Free-Base Form of Methamphetamine |
| Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity |
| Nonamphetamine Behavioral Stimulants |
| 8 Caffeine and Nicotine | p. 225 |
| Caffeine |
| Pharmacokinetics |
| Pharmacological Effects |
| Mechanism of Action |
| Reproductive Effects |
| Tolerance and Dependence |
| Nicotine |
| Pharmacokinetics |
| Pharmacological Effects |
| Mechanism of Action |
| Tolerance and Dependence |
| Toxicity |
| Therapy for Nicotine Dependence |
| Chapter 8 Appendix: Caffeine Content in Beverages, Foods, and Medicines |
| Part 4 Drugs That Are Used to Treat Psychological Disorders | p. 253 |
| 9 Antidepressant Drugs | p. 255 |
| Depression |
| First-Generation Antidepressants |
| Second-Generation (Atypical) Antidepressants |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
| Dual-Action Antidepressants |
| Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors |
| Antidepressants of the Future |
| 10 Drugs Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder (Mood Stabilizers) | p. 306 |
| Bipolar Disorder |
| Lithium |
| Neuromodulator Anticonvulsants |
| Atypical Antipsychotics |
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids |
| Miscellaneous Agents |
| Psychotherapeutic and Psychosocial Treatments |
| 11 Antipsychotic Drugs | p. 337 |
| Schizophrenia |
| Overview of Antipsychotic Drugs |
| Phenothiazines |
| Older Alternatives to Phenothiazines |
| Atypical Antipsychotic Agents |
| 12 Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology | p. 382 |
| Behavioral and Aggressive Disorders |
| Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| Depression in Children and Adolescents |
| Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents |
| Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents |
| Psychotic Disorders in Children and Adolescents |
| 13 Geriatric Psychopharmacology: Drugs for Parkinsonism and Alzheimer's Disease | p. 421 |
| Parkinson's Disease |
| Levodopa |
| Dopamine Receptor Agonists |
| Selegiline |
| Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists |
| Amantadine and Memantine |
| CEP-1347 |
| Alzheimer's Disease |
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors |
| Memantine |
| Investigational Drugs |
| Part 5 Special Topics in Psychotherapeutics | p. 443 |
| 14 Nonnarcotic Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics | p. 444 |
| Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors |
| Selective COX-2 Inhibitors |
| Nonopioid Analgesics of the Future: Nitric Oxide-Releasing Aspirins |
| 15 Opioid Analgesics | p. 461 |
| History of Opioid Analgesics |
| Terminology |
| Opioid Receptors |
| Classification of Opioid Analgesics |
| Morphine: A Pure Opioid Agonist |
| Other Pure Opioid Agonists |
| Partial Opioid Agonists |
| Mixed Agonist-Antagonist Opioids |
| Pure Opioid Antagonists |
| Opioid Combinations |
| Pharmacotherapy of Opioid Dependence |
| 16 Herbal Medicines Used in the Treatment of Psychological Disorders | p. 501 |
| St. John's Wort |
| Ginkgo |
| Kava |
| Ephedrine (Ma-Huang) |
| Other Herbals That Act on the CNS |
| 17 Integration of Drugs and Psychological Therapies in Treating Mental and Behavior Disorders | p. 524 |
| Undertreatment of Mental and Psychological Disorders |
| Depression |
| Role of Drugs as Cotherapy |
| Role of Psychotherapy as Cotherapy |
| Role of the Treatment Team |
| DSM-IV-TR Classification of Mental Disorders |
| Part 6 Agents Primarily Considered as Drugs of Abuse | p. 555 |
| 18 Tetrahydrocannabinol | p. 556 |
| History |
| Mechanism of Action: Cannabinoid Receptor |
| Pharmacokinetics |
| Pharmacological Effects of THC in Animals |
| Pharmacological Effects of THC in Humans |
| Tolerance and Dependence |
| Therapeutic Uses |
| Cannabinoid Antagonists |
| 19 Psychedelic Drugs: Mescaline, Ecstasy, LSD, and Other Hallucinogens | p. 588 |
| Anticholinergic Psychedelics: Scopolamine |
| Catecholaminelike Psychedelics |
| Serotoninlike Psychedelics |
| Glutaminergic NMDA Receptor Antagonists |
| Opioid Kappa Receptor Agonist: Salvinorin A |
| 20 Anabolic Steroids | p. 626 |
| Mechanism of Action |
| Effects |
| Physical Dependence |
| Abuse and Treatment |
| Androstenedione |
| 21 Topics in Drug Abuse | p. 645 |
| Historical and Current Perspectives |
| Extent of the Drug Problem |
| Nosology and Psychopathology of Substance Abuse |
| Psychoactive Drugs as Behavioral Reinforcers: The Neurobiology of Addiction |
| Other Neurotransmitter Systems Involved in Reward: Modulators of Dopaminergic Activity |
| Drug Availability |
| Addiction as a Chronic, Relapsing Illness |
| Drug Education |
| Treatment Issues |
| Pharmacotherapy of Substance Use Disorders |
| Glossary | p. 667 |
| Index | p. 675 |
