Antenna and EM modeling with Matlab

Due to the rapid development of wireless communications, the modeling of radiation and scattering is becoming more important in the design of antennas. Consequently, it is increasingly important for antenna designers and students of antenna design to have a comprehensive simulation tool.

Sergey Makarov's text utilizes the widely used Matlab software, which offers a e flexible and affordable alternative to other antenna and electromagnetic modeling tools currently available. After providing the basic background in electromagnetic theory necessary to utilize the software, the author describes the benefits and many practical uses of the Matlab package. The text demonstrates how Matlab solves basic radiation/scattering antenna problems in structures that range from simple dipoles to patch antennas and patch antenna arrays. Specialized antenna types like fractal antennas and frequency selective surfaces are considered as well. Finally, the text introduces Matlab applications to more advanced problems such as broadband and loaded antennas, UWB pulse antennas, and microstrip antenna arrays.

For students and professionals in the field of antenna design, Antenna and EM Modeling with Matlab:

Strikes an important balance between text and programming manual Provides numerous examples on how to calculate important antenna/target parameters Provides means for modifying existing codes for various individual projects Includes companion website with Matlab codes and antenna geometry files

The present MATLAB codes are only supported by MATLAB 5 and 6 (up to 2004).

Author Notes

SERGEY N. MAKAROV is an associate professor in the ECE Department at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Preface	p. xiii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1. Matlab	p. 1
1.2. Antenna Theory	p. 2
1.3. Matlab Codes	p. 3
1.4. Antenna Structures	p. 3
1.5. Method of Analysis and Impedance Matrix	p. 5
1.6. Wire and Patch Antennas	p. 7
1.7. Matlab Loops and Antenna Optimization	p. 7
1.8. Speed and Maximum Size of the Impedance Matrix	p. 8
1.9. Outline of Chapters	p. 8
References	p. 10
2 Receiving Antenna: The Scattering Algorithm	p. 11
2.1. Introduction	p. 11
2.2. Code Sequence	p. 13
2.3. Creating the Antenna's Structure	p. 13
2.4. RWG Edge Elements	p. 16
2.5. Impedance Matrix	p. 19
2.6. Moment Equations and Surface Currents	p. 21
2.7. Visualization of Surface Currents	p. 23
2.8. Induced Electric Current of a Dipole Antenna	p. 25
2.9. Induced Electric Current of a Bowtie Antenna	p. 28
2.10. Induced Electric Current of a Slot Antenna	p. 29
2.11. Using the Matlab Compiler	p. 33
2.12. Using Matlab for Linux	p. 34
2.13. Conclusions	p. 34
References	p. 35
Problems	p. 36
3 Algorithm for Far and Near Fields	p. 39
3.1. Introduction	p. 39
3.2. Code Sequence	p. 40
3.3. Radiation of Surface Currents	p. 42
3.4. Far Field	p. 44
3.5. Radiated Field at a Point	p. 44
3.6. Radiation Density/Intensity Distribution	p. 46
3.7. Antenna Directivity	p. 47
3.8. Antenna Gain (Ideal Case)	p. 50
3.9. Antenna's Effective Aperture	p. 51
3.10. Conclusions	p. 52
References	p. 53
Problems	p. 53
4 Dipole and Monopole Antennas: The Radiation Algorithm	p. 57
4.1. Introduction	p. 57
4.2. Code Sequence	p. 58
4.3. Strip Model of a Wire	p. 60
4.4. Feed Model	p. 60
4.5. Current Distribution of the Dipole Antenna	p. 63
4.6. Input Impedance	p. 65
4.7. Monopole Antenna	p. 66
4.8. Impedance of the Monopole	p. 71
4.9. Radiation Intensity, Radiated Power, and Gain	p. 72
4.10. Radiation Resistance and Delivered Electric Power	p. 74
4.11. Directivity Patterns	p. 76
4.12. Receiving Antenna	p. 79
4.13. Friis Transmission Formula	p. 81
4.14. Conclusions	p. 82
References	p. 83
Problems	p. 84
5 Loop Antennas	p. 89
5.1. Introduction	p. 89
5.2. Loop Meshes and the Feeding Edge	p. 90
5.3. Current Distribution of a Loop Antenna	p. 91
5.4. Input Impedance of a Small Loop	p. 95
5.5. Radiation Intensity of a Small Loop	p. 96
5.6. Radiation Patterns of a Small Loop	p. 98
5.7. Transition from Small to Large Loop: The Axial Radiator	p. 100
5.8. Helical Antenna--Normal Mode	p. 102
5.9. Helical Antenna--Axial Mode	p. 105
5.10. Conclusions	p. 109
References	p. 109
Problems	p. 110
6 Antenna Arrays: The Parameter Sweep	p. 113
6.1. Introduction	p. 114
6.2. Array Generators: Linear and Circular Arrays	p. 115
6.3. Array Terminal Impedance	p. 118
6.4. Impedance and Radiated Power of Two-Element Array	p. 120
6.5. How to Organize the Matlab Loop	p. 122
6.6. Array Network Equations	p. 123
6.7. Directivity Control	p. 124
6.8. Broadside Array	p. 124
6.9. End-Fire Array	p. 128
6.10. Pattern Multiplication Theorem	p. 130
6.11. Comparison of Theory and Simulation	p. 132
6.12. Optimization of End-Fire Array: The Phase Loop	p. 133
6.13. Hansen-Woodyard Model	p. 135
6.14. Power Map of End-Fire Array	p. 137
6.15. Phased (Scanning) Array	p. 139
6.16. Array of Bowties over Ground Plane	p. 141
6.17. On the Size of the Impedance Matrix	p. 144
6.18. Conclusions	p. 147
References	p. 147
Problems	p. 148
7 Broadband Antennas: The Frequency Sweep	p. 151
7.1. Introduction	p. 151
7.2. Code Sequence	p. 153
7.3. Antenna Structures Under Study	p. 155
7.4. Dipole Impedance and Power Resonance	p. 158
7.5. Dipole Radiated Power, Return Loss, and Gain	p. 160
7.6. Dipole Comparison with NEC Modeling	p. 162
7.7. Matlab Mesh for Bowtie Antenna Using Delaunay	p. 165
7.8. Bowtie Impedance	p. 166
7.9. Bowtie Radiated Power and Gain	p. 166
7.10. Bowtie Radiation Intensity Distribution	p. 169
7.11. Mesh for a Spiral Antenna	p. 172
7.12. Spiral Antenna's Impedance, Power, and Gain	p. 172
7.13. Spiral Antenna's Radiation Intensity Distribution	p. 176
7.14. Multiband Antennas: The Sierpinski Fractal	p. 179
7.15. Sierpinski Fractal's Impedance, Power, and Gain	p. 181
7.16. Conclusions	p. 184
References	p. 186
Problems	p. 187
8 Ultra-wideband Communication Antenna: Time Domain Analysis	p. 193
8.1. Introduction	p. 193
8.2. Code Sequence	p. 195
8.3. Incident Voltage Pulse	p. 197
8.4. Surface Discretization and Feed Model	p. 199
8.5. Frequency Loop	p. 200
8.6. Surface Current Distribution	p. 201
8.7. Antenna Input Impedance	p. 201
8.8. Antenna Radiation Intensity, Gain	p. 204
8.9. Directivity Patterns	p. 205
8.10. Antenna-to-Free--Space Transfer Function	p. 207
8.11. Antenna-to-Antenna Transfer Function	p. 209
8.12. Discrete Fourier Transform	p. 211
8.13. Received Voltage Pulse	p. 212
8.14. Impedance Mismatch	p. 213
8.15. Voltage Pulse at a Load	p. 216
8.16. Conclusions	p. 218
References	p. 219
Problems	p. 220
9 Antenna Loading: Lumped Elements	p. 223
9.1. Introduction	p. 223
9.2. Code Sequence	p. 224
9.3. Lumped Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor	p. 224
9.4. Test	p. 227
9.5. Effects of Resistive and Capacitive Loading	p. 227
9.6. Conclusions	p. 228
References	p. 231
Problems	p. 231
10 Patch Antennas	p. 233
10.1. Introduction	p. 233
10.2. Code Sequence	p. 234
10.3. Model of the Probe Feed	p. 236
10.4. Generation of the Antenna Structure	p. 237
10.5. Input Impedance, Return Loss, and the Radiation Pattern	p. 239
10.6. Why Do We Need a Wide Patch?	p. 241
10.7. A Practical Example	p. 245
10.8. Dielectric Model	p. 248
10.9. Accuracy of the Dielectric Model	p. 249
10.10. Conclusions	p. 251
References	p. 253
Problems	p. 254
Appendix A Other Triangular Meshes	p. 259
Appendix B Impedance Matrix Calculation	p. 265
Index	p. 269

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