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Library | Materyal Türü | Barkod | Yer Numarası | Durum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... Pamukkale Merkez Kütüphanesi | Kitap | 0036689 | JF1338.A2M38 2002 | Searching... Unknown |
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Özet
Özet
Designed for practicing administrators as well as students, this book incorporates the latest thinking in public administration and nonprofit organization management. It integrates both the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research, and also provides specific instruction in the use of available statistical software programs such as Excel and SPSS.
Coverage includes such important topics as research design, specifying research problems, designing questionnaires and writing questions, designing and carrying out four classes of qualitative research approaches, and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative research data. The book also encompasses the latest developments in social science research, management and organization research, and research in the social and administrative sciences.
Table of Contents
| List of Tables and Figures | p. xiii |
| Part 1 Foundations of Research | p. 1 |
| 1. Introduction to Research Methods | p. 3 |
| Why Develop Research Skills? | p. 4 |
| The Research Activity | p. 5 |
| Research--the Scientific Way | p. 6 |
| Purpose of the Book | p. 9 |
| Scope of the Book | p. 9 |
| Structure of the Book | p. 10 |
| 2. Research in Public Administration | p. 15 |
| Research Emphasis | p. 16 |
| Public Administration Research Today | p. 17 |
| Research Topics and Themes | p. 17 |
| A Void in Public Administration Research | p. 19 |
| Research Methods | p. 20 |
| Research Strategies | p. 20 |
| 3. Research Ethics | p. 27 |
| The Meaning of "Ethics" | p. 28 |
| Foundations of Our Moral Standards | p. 30 |
| What Are Public Administration Ethics? | p. 34 |
| What Are Research Ethics? | p. 36 |
| Research with Human Subjects | p. 38 |
| Ethics in the Research Process | p. 40 |
| Part 2 Introduction to the Research Process | p. 51 |
| 4. The Research Process | p. 53 |
| Steps in the Research Process | p. 53 |
| 5. The Research Problem | p. 63 |
| Defining the Problem | p. 64 |
| Tasks in the Problem Definition Process | p. 65 |
| Finding a Research Focus | p. 73 |
| Finding Information About a Topic | p. 75 |
| 6. Research Designs | p. 81 |
| Quantitative Research Designs | p. 82 |
| Qualitative Research Designs | p. 89 |
| Combination Research Designs | p. 94 |
| Part 3 Quantitative Designs | p. 97 |
| 7. Quantitative Research Fundamentals | p. 99 |
| Measurement Fundamentals | p. 100 |
| Defining "Statistics" | p. 103 |
| Statistics Applications | p. 105 |
| Using Statistics to Communicate | p. 107 |
| Statistics in Action | p. 109 |
| Statistics in Public Administration Research | p. 110 |
| Computer Applications | p. 112 |
| 8. Introduction to Sampling | p. 114 |
| Why We Sample | p. 115 |
| Sampling Methods | p. 116 |
| Sample Bias and Sampling Error | p. 119 |
| Dealing with Nonsampling Error | p. 120 |
| Sample Distributions | p. 121 |
| 9. Questionnaires and Questions | p. 125 |
| Advantages of Using Questionnaires | p. 125 |
| Questionnaire Construction Procedure | p. 126 |
| Writing Questions | p. 136 |
| Part 4 Quantitative Analysis Methods | p. 145 |
| 10. Using Descriptive Statistics | p. 147 |
| Summary Statistics | p. 148 |
| Measures of Central Tendency | p. 149 |
| Measures of Variability | p. 154 |
| Measures of Relative Position | p. 156 |
| Measures of Correlation | p. 160 |
| Understanding Distributions | p. 160 |
| Calculating Descriptive Statistics with Excel | p. 163 |
| 11. Using Tables, Charts, and Graphs | p. 165 |
| Making Sense Out of Ungrouped or "Raw" Data | p. 166 |
| Presenting Data in Tables | p. 169 |
| Communicating with Charts | p. 176 |
| Using Graphs | p. 179 |
| 12. Research Hypotheses | p. 186 |
| Types of Hypotheses | p. 187 |
| The Null Hypothesis | p. 189 |
| Making Inferences About Populations | p. 190 |
| Analyzing Errors of Analysis | p. 191 |
| Hypothesis Testing in Action | p. 191 |
| Tests for a Normal Distribution | p. 195 |
| 13. Testing Hypotheses About Two or More Groups | p. 197 |
| Statistical Significance | p. 198 |
| Interpreting Results with p-Values | p. 199 |
| Goodness-of-Fit Tests | p. 199 |
| Two-Group Hypothesis Tests | p. 200 |
| Testing for Differences with the t-Test | p. 202 |
| Comparing Groups with ANOVA | p. 205 |
| 14. Looking for Relationships | p. 212 |
| Understanding the Meaning of Correlation | p. 214 |
| What Does Correlation Tell Us? | p. 215 |
| The Link Between Regression and Correlation | p. 216 |
| Calculating and Interpreting Correlation Values | p. 217 |
| Regression Analysis | p. 218 |
| The Standard Error of the Estimate | p. 223 |
| 15. Experiments and Experimental Design | p. 225 |
| Key Considerations in Experimental Design | p. 226 |
| Types of Experimental Designs | p. 231 |
| Interpreting Experimental Results | p. 236 |
| Analysis of Experimental Design Data | p. 237 |
| 16. Using SPSS to Process Statistical Data | p. 240 |
| How to Start Using SPSS | p. 240 |
| The SPSS Opening Screen | p. 241 |
| Entering Variable Labels: SPSS Version 10 and Above | p. 242 |
| SPSS Data Editor Toolbar: Version 9 and Lower | p. 245 |
| Entering SPSS Data | p. 245 |
| Variables and Values in SPSS | p. 247 |
| Data in SPSS | p. 252 |
| Putting SPSS to Work | p. 253 |
| Part 5 Qualitative Research Strategies | p. 265 |
| 17. Introduction to Qualitative Research | p. 267 |
| Classes of Qualitative Research Strategies | p. 269 |
| The Changing Paradigm | p. 275 |
| Approaches to Qualitative Research | p. 276 |
| Collecting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Qualitative Data | p. 282 |
| 18. The Case Study in Public Administration Research | p. 285 |
| Defining the Case Study Approach | p. 286 |
| Categories of Case Studies | p. 287 |
| Developing Case Studies | p. 288 |
| Steps in the Case Study Method | p. 291 |
| Required Characteristics in Case Studies | p. 298 |
| 19. Grounded Theory in Public Administration Research | p. 301 |
| Importance of Grouping and Coding | p. 303 |
| Two Approaches to Grounded Theory | p. 304 |
| Steps in the Grounded Theory Process | p. 305 |
| Grounded Theory Research in Practice | p. 315 |
| Case Examples | p. 317 |
| 20. Ethnography in Public Administration Research | p. 320 |
| The Historical Background of Ethnography | p. 320 |
| Ethnographic Research | p. 324 |
| What Do Ethnographers Do? | p. 328 |
| Doing Fieldwork | p. 332 |
| Ethnography in Public Administration Research | p. 333 |
| Researching the Culture of Public Organizations | p. 338 |
| Case Examples | p. 340 |
| 21. Action Research in Public Administration | p. 345 |
| The Contributions of Lewin and Dewey | p. 345 |
| Five Models of Action Research | p. 347 |
| Action Research and Critical Theory | p. 353 |
| Key Themes in Action Research | p. 355 |
| Seven Phases of Planned Change | p. 355 |
| Goals of Action Research | p. 358 |
| Applying Action Research | p. 360 |
| Case Examples | p. 362 |
| Part 6 Qualitative Analysis Methods | p. 365 |
| 22. Analyzing Qualitative Data | p. 367 |
| What Is Qualitative Data? | p. 368 |
| Components of Qualitative Data Analysis | p. 368 |
| Bringing Order to Data: A Nine-Step Process | p. 370 |
| A Twelve-Step Process for Analyzing Qualitative Data | p. 375 |
| Analysis of Ethnographic Study Data: Six Phases | p. 379 |
| Computer Analysis of Qualitative Data | p. 387 |
| 23. Analyzing Texts, Documents, and Artifacts | p. 391 |
| Analysis of Texts As Data | p. 392 |
| The Literature Review | p. 393 |
| Document Research Using Archival Data | p. 397 |
| Performing a Meta-Analysis of Text Materials | p. 401 |
| Hermeneutic Analysis of Text Material | p. 407 |
| Semiotics: The Analysis of Signs and Symbols | p. 412 |
| Content Analysis | p. 414 |
| Complementary Tools: Narrative and Discourse Analysis | p. 416 |
| Examining Material Culture: Finding Meaning in Artifacts | p. 420 |
| Part 7 Preparing and Presenting Research Findings | p. 425 |
| 24. Organizing and Structuring the Research Report | p. 427 |
| Ways to Organize the Research Report | p. 427 |
| Sections of the Final Research Report | p. 429 |
| 25. Writing the Research Report | p. 443 |
| Formats for Endnotes and Footnotes | p. 443 |
| Formats for In-Text Citations | p. 444 |
| Tips for Using Sources | p. 445 |
| Bibliographic Style | p. 445 |
| Standard Style Requirements | p. 446 |
| Requirements for Public Administration Research Reports | p. 453 |
| References | p. 457 |
| Index | p. 471 |
