Wearable electronics and photonics

Building electronics into clothing is a major new concept that opens up a whole array of multi-functional, wearable electro-textiles for sensing/monitoring body functions, delivering communication facilities, data transfer, individual environment control, and so on. Fashion articles will carry key pads for mobile phones and connections for personal music systems; specialist clothing will be able to monitor the vital life signs of new-born babies, record the performance of an athlete's muscles, and call a rescue team to victims of accidents in adverse weather conditions. In this book, a team of international authors discusses the technical materials and processes that will facilitate all of these possibilities.

Xiaoming TaoFrank K. Ko and Afaf El-Aufy and Hoa Lam and Alan G. MacdiarmidHelen Lai-Wa Chan and Kun Li and Chung Loong ChoyDanilo De Rossi and Federico Carpi and Federico Lorussi and Enzo Pasquale Scilingo and Alessandro Tognetti and Rita ParadisoPu Xue and Xiaoming Tao and Mei-Yi Leung and Hui ZhangMahmoud El-SherifXiaoming TaoVladan Koncar and Ensait-Gemtex and Emmanuel Deflin and Andre WeillTunde Kirstein and Didier Cottet and Janusz Grzyb and Gerhard TrosterJaana Rantanen and Marko HannikainenSharon Baurley

Contributor contact details	p. ix
Preface	p. xiii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Overview	p. 1
1.2 Current and future wearable technology	p. 2
1.3 Applications of wearable electronics and photonics	p. 8
1.4 Implications of wearable technology	p. 10
1.5 References	p. 12
2 Electrostatically generated nanofibres for wearable electronics	p. 13
2.1 Introduction	p. 13
2.2 Electrospinning process	p. 15
2.3 Electroactive nanofibres	p. 21
2.4 Ultra-low dielectric constant of nanocomposite fibrous film	p. 34
2.5 Conclusions	p. 37
2.6 Acknowledgements	p. 38
2.7 References	p. 39
3 Electroceramic fibres and composites for intelligent apparel applications	p. 41
3.1 Introduction	p. 41
3.2 Fabrication of samarium and manganese doped lead titanate fibres	p. 42
3.3 Fabrication of ceramic fibre/epoxy 1-3 composites	p. 45
3.4 Electromechanical properties of ceramic fibre/epoxy 1-3 composites	p. 49
3.5 The modified parallel and series model of ceramic/polymer 1-3 composites	p. 49
3.6 Possible uses of ceramic fibres and composites in intelligent apparel applications	p. 54
3.7 Acknowledgements	p. 55
3.8 References	p. 55
4 Electroactive fabrics and wearable man-machine interfaces	p. 59
4.1 Introduction	p. 59
4.2 Sensing fabrics	p. 62
4.3 Actuating fabrics	p. 67
4.4 Smart fabrics for health care	p. 71
4.5 Smart fabrics for motion capture	p. 71
4.6 Smart textiles as kinaesthetic interfaces	p. 76
4.7 Conclusions	p. 79
4.8 Acknowledgements	p. 79
4.9 References	p. 79
5 Electromechanical properties of conductive fibres, yarns and fabrics	p. 81
5.1 Introduction	p. 81
5.2 Conductive textiles	p. 82
5.3 Electromechanical properties of PPy-coated conductive fibres/yarns	p. 84
5.4 Performance of electrically conductive fabrics	p. 95
5.5 Applications	p. 101
5.6 Conclusions	p. 102
5.7 Acknowledgement	p. 103
5.8 References	p. 103
6 Integration of fibre optic sensors and sensing networks into textile structures	p. 105
6.1 Introduction	p. 105
6.2 Smart textiles	p. 107
6.3 Modelling and analysis	p. 111
6.4 Manufacturing of smart textiles	p. 115
6.5 Applications of smart testiles	p. 124
6.6 Acknowledgements	p. 133
6.7 References	p. 133
6.8 Bibliography	p. 134
7 Wearable photonics based on integrative polymeric photonic fibres	p. 136
7.1 Introduction	p. 136
7.2 Photonic band-gap materials	p. 136
7.3 Fibre-harvesting ambient light-reflective displays	p. 138
7.4 Opto-amplification in active disordered media and photonic band-gap structures	p. 140
7.5 Electroluminescent fibres and fabrics	p. 145
7.6 Textile-based flexible displays	p. 151
7.7 Acknowledgements	p. 151
7.8 References	p. 152
8 Communication apparel and optical fibre fabric display	p. 155
8.1 Introduction	p. 155
8.2 Communication apparel	p. 156
8.3 Optical fibre fabric display	p. 163
8.4 Acknowledgements	p. 174
8.5 References	p. 174
9 Wearable computing systems - electronic textiles	p. 177
9.1 Introduction	p. 177
9.2 Why is clothing an ideal place for intelligent systems?	p. 178
9.3 Electronic textiles	p. 179
9.4 Electrical characterisation of textile networks	p. 184
9.5 Conclusions	p. 194
9.6 Future challenges	p. 195
9.7 References	p. 196
10 Data transfer for smart clothing: requirements and potential technologies	p. 198
10.1 Introduction	p. 198
10.2 Smart clothing concept model	p. 199
10.3 Data transfer in smart clothing	p. 202
10.4 Implementations for communication	p. 214
10.5 Summary	p. 220
10.6 References	p. 220
11 Interaction design in smart textiles clothing and applications	p. 223
11.1 Introduction	p. 223
11.2 Knowledge age: dematerialisation of information and communications technology and the rise of ubiquitous intelligence	p. 224
11.3 New commercial imperatives	p. 226
11.4 Design and development: multidisciplinary collaboration	p. 228
11.5 A new language for textiles: combining the real and the virtual	p. 229
11.6 Technology enablers	p. 236
11.7 Future technology enablers	p. 239
11.8 Conclusions	p. 240
11.9 Acknowledgement	p. 241
11.10 References	p. 241
11.11 Sources of further information	p. 242
Index	p. 244

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