Antioxidants and exercise

In this ground-breaking book Dr. Jan Karlsson presents his latest findings on nutratherapy, focusing on vitamins Q E, and F1 and how they relate to exercise, sports, and health.

Among the world's leading researchers on radicals and antioxidants, Karlsson explains the relationship between

- nutratherapy and preventive medicine,
- muscle metabolism and radical-antioxidant biology,
- muscle biochemistry and food choices, and
- foods, food supplements, and physical performance.

Clearly written and thoroughly illustrated, Antioxidants and Exercise contains the latest research on nutratherapy and how it can enhance performance.

Author Notes

Jan Karlsson, PhD, has conducted academic research on muscle metabolism for more than 30 years and on radicals and antioxidants for more than 15 years.

Karlsson served as a visiting professor in the Institute for Biomedical Research at the University of Texas-Austin from 1981 to 1991. He was director of the Human Performance Laboratory at Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1977 to 1982, and acting professor in sport exercise physiology at the Karolinska Institute from 1974 to 1977. Karlsson received his DrSci in 1971 and completed his post-doctoral work at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas, in 1974.

Karlsson has written more than 250 articles and reviews about muscle physiology, molecular cardiology, exercise physiology, clinical cardiology, and drug testing, and he serves as a consultant to several major international pharmaceutical companies. He has received awards for his contributions in exercise medicine and drug development in Finland, the former West Germany, and Japan.

Section I Introduction to Nutraology	p. 1
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 2
History of Radical and Antioxidant Science	p. 2
Topics to Be Discussed	p. 5
Applicability of Nutratherapy to Recreational Exercise and Elite Sport	p. 6
Chapter 2 Historical Perspective	p. 7
Introduction of New Concepts	p. 8
Nutratherapy and Health Promotion	p. 10
Vitamin Terminology	p. 13
Vitamins and Enzymology	p. 15
Exclier Nutraceutical Concepts	p. 16
Nutratherapy as a Potential Risk Factor	p. 18
Radical Trauma in People Who Exercise	p. 20
Summary	p. 21
Section II Radical Formation	p. 22
Chapter 3 Principles of Radical Formation	p. 25
Definition of the Term Radical	p. 25
Metabolism and Radical Formation	p. 26
Radical Formation in the Service of Life	p. 31
Radical Formation and Cell Protection: The Antioxidant Strategy	p. 33
Principles of the Cascade Reaction	p. 34
Fenton Reactions	p. 35
Biologically Significant Radicals	p. 37
Summary	p. 38
Chapter 4 Principles of Radical Quenching	p. 39
Uniqueness of Phenol Structures	p. 40
Phenol Species and Their Scavenging Potentials	p. 43
Radical Scavenging	p. 45
Water Solubility and Antioxidant Allocation	p. 48
Other Antioxidant Compounds	p. 50
Quenching of Singlet Oxygen	p. 52
Summary	p. 53
Chapter 5 Antioxidants--Recycling Systems or Irreversible Reactions?	p. 54
Design of Recycling Systems in Biology	p. 56
Vitamin Q as a Coenzyme in Mitochondria	p. 58
Antioxidants and Reversible Processes/Reactions	p. 59
Irreversible Reactions	p. 61
Vitamin Q, Mitogenic Ligands, and Training	p. 63
Cycling Antioxidants and Antioxidant Enzymes	p. 66
Summary	p. 68
Chapter 6 Radical Formation in Different Cells and Tissues	p. 69
Muscle Activity and Mitochondrial Metabolism	p. 70
Muscle Exercise, Purine Metabolism, and Radicals	p. 81
Endothelial Tissue	p. 81
White Blood Cells and Radical Formation	p. 84
Miscellaneous	p. 87
Concept of Overuse Injury	p. 88
Summary	p. 88
Chapter 7 Exercising Muscle and Radical Formation	p. 91
Biological Evidence of Free Radicals	p. 91
Fingerprinting in Humans	p. 92
Summary	p. 95
Chapter 8 Nutrients as Antioxidants and Their Food Sources	p. 97
Food Sources for Antioxidant Nutrients	p. 98
Antioxidant-Related Nutrients	p. 101
Summary	p. 106
Chapter 9 Exercise, Mixed Diets, and Nutratherapy	p. 108
Muscle Exercise and Its Limitations	p. 109
Muscle Activity and Energy Intake	p. 110
Energy Intake and "Natural Nutrients"	p. 112
Elite Sport Activity and Antioxidant Nutratherapy	p. 114
Inflammatory Processes and Nutratherapy	p. 115
Diet Antioxidants or Nutratherapy	p. 119
Antioxidant and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutratherapy	p. 120
Antioxidants and Other Nutrients	p. 123
Summary	p. 125
Chapter 10 Lipoidic Structures, Lipophilic Antioxidants, and Clinical Interpretations	p. 127
Antioxidant Allocation and Its Significance	p. 128
Antioxidants in Different Organs and Tissues	p. 129
Plasma Lipophilic Antioxidants and Their "Normalization"	p. 132
Vitamins Q and E in Plasma HDL and LDL Particles	p. 137
Vitamins Q and E and Their Transport Vehicle--LDL	p. 138
Vitamins Q and E and Their Turnover: A Role for HDL?	p. 141
Endowment and Training Adaptation and Antioxidants	p. 141
Summary	p. 143
Section III Nutratherapy and Sports Medicine	p. 144
Chapter 11 Relevant Studies	p. 146
Antioxidant Vitamins and Placebo-Controlled Studies	p. 146
Antioxidant Supplements and Open Studies	p. 147
Good Clinical Trial Practice Studies	p. 150
Summary	p. 161
Chapter 12 Nutratherapy, Dose Response, and Side Effects	p. 163
Nutratherapies and Their Pharmacokinetics	p. 163
Antioxidant Supplements and Tissue Changes	p. 165
Dose-Response Curves for Antioxidants	p. 167
Standardized or Individualized Nutratherapy?	p. 169
Side Effects of Vitamins Q, E, and F[subscript 1]	p. 170
Summary	p. 173
Chapter 13 Nutrients, Pharmaceutical Grade, and the Doping Issue	p. 175
Supplement Products and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)	p. 176
Nutraceutical Therapy, Ergogenic Aids, and Sport Ethics	p. 177
Elite Sport, "Drugs," and the Doping Rules	p. 178
Section IV Conclusions	p. 180
References	p. 183
Index	p. 202
About the Author	p. 211

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Table of Contents