Population health : concepts and methods

Başlık:

Yazar:

Young, T. Kue.

ISBN:

9780195119725

Ek Yazar:

Young, T. Kue.

Yayım Bilgisi:

New York : Oxford University Press, 1998.

Fiziksel Tanım:

ix, 315 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

Contents:

Introduction -- Measuring health and disease in populations (I) -- Measuring health and disease in populations (II) -- Modeling determinants of population health -- Assessing health risks in populations -- Designing population health studies -- Planning population health interventions -- Evaluating health services for populations -- Improving the health of populations.

Corporate Subject:

Tıp Fakültesi Kütüphanesi

Konu Terimleri:

Health Status Indicators.

Sağlık durumu göstergeleri .

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Library	Materyal Türü	Barkod	Yer Numarası	Durum
Searching... Pamukkale Tıp Fakültesi Kütüphanesi	Kitap	0021090	WA 900.1Y68 1998	Searching... Unknown

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Özet

Population health encompasses traditional public health and preventive medicine but emphasizes the full range of health determinants affecting the entire population rather than only ill or high-risk individials. The population health approach integrates the social and biological, the quantitative and qualitative, recognizing the importance of social and cultural factors in practice and research. This text is organized around the key objectives of population health risks and inferring causation, and planning and evaluating population health interventions. It is designed for use in introductory/intermediate courses in epidemiology, public health, and health policy and management. It emphasizes basic concepts and methods and makes use of case studies, exercises, and boxes to introduce students to the full range of population health issues seen in the literature.

Author Notes

T. Kue Young, MD, FRCPC, D.Phil., is Professor of Community Health Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Manitoba, Canada.

1 Introduction	p. 1
Defining Health, Population, and Population Health	p. 1
Objectives and Uses of Population Health Studies	p. 6
The Arts and Sciences in Population Health	p. 7
Historical Antecedents and Future Prospects	p. 10
Summary	p. 12
Case Study 1.1. James Lind and Scurvy among Sailors	p. 14
Case Study 1.2. John Snow, Cholera, and the Broad Street Pump	p. 15
Case Study 1.3. Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever	p. 17
Case Study 1.4. Joseph Goldberger on Diet and Pellagra	p. 18
Guide to Resources	p. 19
Notes	p. 21
2 Measuring Health and Disease in Populations (I)	p. 25
Measures of Disease Occurrence	p. 25
Population Structure and Dynamics	p. 31
Comparing Health Events in Populations	p. 44
Demographic and Health Transition	p. 49
Summary	p. 54
Case Study 2.1. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents	p. 54
Case Study 2.2. Contribution of Population Aging to Changes in Cancer Mortality	p. 56
Notes	p. 59
Exercises	p. 62
3 Measuring Health and Disease in Populations (II)	p. 67
Health Indicators and Indices	p. 67
Sources and Quality of Health Data	p. 71
Summary Measures of Population Health	p. 81
Diagnosis and Classification of Diseases	p. 82
Accuracy of Screening and Diagnostic Tests	p. 90
Surveillance and Epidemic Investigations	p. 96
Cultural Concepts of Health and Disease	p. 99
Summary	p. 102
Case Study 3.1. Are Death Certificates Accurate?	p. 103
Case Study 3.2. Diphtheria in Russia--Return of a Vanquished Foe?	p. 104
Case Study 3.3. Is Schizophrenia Universal?	p. 106
Notes	p. 107
Exercises	p. 111
4 Modeling Determinants of Population Health	p. 115
Models and Pathways of Health	p. 115
Genetic Susceptibility	p. 117
Physical Environment	p. 126
Personal Lifestyles and Behaviors	p. 135
Social, Cultural, and Economic Factors	p. 148
A Life Course Approach to Health	p. 156
A Biopsychosocial Model of Health	p. 157
Contributions to Global Disease Burden	p. 158
Summary	p. 161
Case Study 4.1. The Sickle Cell Trait and Protection from Malaria	p. 162
Case Study 4.2. Chernobyl: Aftermath of an Environmental Catastrophe	p. 163
Case Study 4.3. Social Medicine in Pre-World War I Germany	p. 166
Notes	p. 168
Exercises	p. 173
5 Assessing Health Risks in Populations	p. 177
Risks in Population Health	p. 177
Concepts of Causation	p. 181
Measures of Association and Effect	p. 188
Competing Risks	p. 194
Risk Perception and Communication	p. 196
Summary	p. 200
Case Study 5.1. Is British Beef Safe?	p. 201
Case Study 5.2. Do Heart Attacks Prevent Cancer Deaths?	p. 204
Case Study 5.3. Communicating SARS Risk with Numbers	p. 205
Notes	p. 207
Exercises	p. 210
6 Designing Population Health Studies	p. 215
A Matter of Measurement	p. 215
Types of Research Design	p. 219
Validity and Reliability	p. 230
Error and Bias	p. 232
Confounding and Confounders	p. 233
Interaction or Effect Modification	p. 236
Qualitative Methods	p. 238
Ethical Concerns	p. 241
Summary	p. 245
Case Study 6.1. Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Traffic Accident Mortality	p. 247
Case Study 6.2. Durkheim's Studies on Suicide	p. 250
Case Study 6.3. The Causal Trail: Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer	p. 252
Case Study 6.4. Tracking Heart Disease among World War II Airmen	p. 256
Notes	p. 257
Exercises	p. 261
7 Planning Population Health Interventions	p. 264
Promoting Health, Preventing Disease	p. 264
Population Health and the Health Care System	p. 266
Types and Levels of Interventions	p. 267
Criteria for Screening	p. 272
Behavioral Models for Health Promotion	p. 277
Cross-Cultural Considerations	p. 280
A Broader View of Prevention	p. 281
Summary	p. 284
Case Study 7.1. The Global Eradication of Smallpox	p. 284
Case Study 7.2. Is Mammography Good for Women?	p. 288
Case Study 7.3. Community-Based Heart Disease Prevention in North Karelia	p. 290
Notes	p. 293
Exercise	p. 295
8 Evaluating Health Programs for Populations	p. 296
A Framework for Evaluation	p. 296
Technology Assessment, Diffusion, and Transfer	p. 299
Evaluation Methods	p. 302
Economic Appraisal	p. 306
Decision-Making in Health Care	p. 310
Summary	p. 312
Case Study 8.1. Nurse-Practitioners in Primary Care	p. 312
Case Study 8.2. Fluoridation of Community Water Supply to Prevent Dental Caries	p. 314
Case Study 8.3. Economic Evaluation of Neonatal Intensive Care	p. 317
Case Study 8.4. A Meta-Analysis of Adolescent Smoking Programs	p. 319
Notes	p. 320
Exercise	p. 321
9 Improving the Health of Populations	p. 324
Guide to Resources	p. 327
Bibliography	p. 331
Answers to Exercises	p. 365
Index	p. 381

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