Standards for engineering design and manufacturing

Most books on standardization describe the impact of ISO and related organizations on many industries. While this is great for managing an organization, it leaves engineers asking questions such as "what are the effects of standards on my designs?" and "how can I use standardization to benefit my work?" Standards for Engineering Design and Manufacturing provides hands-on knowledge for incorporating standards into the entire process from design bench to factory floor.

The book's five self-contained sections consider the scope of design and manufacturing, standards for the design of discrete products, standards for the manufacture of discrete products, standards for the use of discrete products, as well as support standards. The authors survey in detail the major standards-setting organizations and outline the procedure for developing standards. They consider standards from the perspective of product, equipment, and end-user, using this as a platform to explain the economic benefits of standardization. Case studies in every section illustrate the concepts and offer practical insight for using standards in CAD/CAM, selection of components, process planning, human/machine interaction, and computer interfacing.

With its modular approach and practical wisdom based on the authors' years of broad experience, Standards for Engineering Design and Manufacturing supplies the tools to incorporate standards into every stage of design and manufacturing.

For a summary of chapters, as well as illustrations and tools from the book, visit

Author Notes

Wasim A. Khan is a professor at the Center for Computer Studies at the Institute of Business Administration under the sponsorship of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Part 1 Engineering Design and Manufacturing of Discrete Products-The Scope	p. 1
Chapter 1 Engineering Design and Manufacturing	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Design Philosophy-Conventional and System Approach	p. 8
1.2.1 Design Analysis	p. 15
1.2.2 Design for Manufacturing or Assembly	p. 17
1.2.3 Optimization in Design	p. 18
1.2.4 The Cost Model for Design	p. 18
1.3 Manufacturing Philosophy-Conventional and System Approach	p. 18
1.3.1 An Overview of Discrete Manufacturing Processes	p. 20
1.3.2 Discrete Manufacturing Systems	p. 21
1.3.3 Production Control	p. 23
1.4 Relationship between Design and Manufacturing	p. 24
1.5 Multidisciplinary Aspects of Design and Manufacturing	p. 26
1.6 Use of Computers in Design and Manufacturing	p. 26
1.7 Quality and Reliability in Design and Manufacturing	p. 27
1.8 Design and Manufacturing for Product Life Cycle	p. 28
Bibliography	p. 29
Chapter 2 Standards and Standards Organizations	p. 33
2.1 Formalizing Technical Information and Procedures	p. 33
2.2 Development of Standards	p. 33
2.2.1 A Standard for Standards-BSI Perspective	p. 35
2.3 Standards-Developing Organizations	p. 37
2.3.1 The International Organization for Standardization and Its Affiliates	p. 37
2.3.2 Regional Standards-Developing Organizations	p. 38
2.3.3 Major National Standards-Developing Organizations	p. 42
2.3.4 Professional Standards Organizations Active in Developing Standards	p. 44
2.3.5 Conformity Assessment	p. 63
2.3.5.1 Conformity Marking	p. 64
2.3.6 Users Groups for Standards	p. 65
2.3.7 Commercial Organizations for the Supply of Standards	p. 66
2.4 Economic Benefits of Standardization-A Brief on a DIN Case Study	p. 68
2.4.1 Benefits for Business	p. 69
2.4.2 Benefits for the Economy As a Whole	p. 71
Bibliography	p. 73
Chapter 3 Parametric Design and Manufacturing of Hand Tools-A Case Study	p. 79
3.1 Introduction	p. 79
3.2 Typical Design and Manufacture Techniques	p. 80
3.3 CAD/CAM for Hand Tools	p. 84
3.4 Software Selection	p. 85
3.5 Parametric Modeling of Wrenches	p. 85
3.6 Conclusion	p. 89
Bibliography	p. 90
Part 2 Standards in Engineering Design of Discrete Products	p. 91
Chapter 4 Review of Standards Related to Techniques for Engineering Design-A Product Perspective	p. 93
4.1 Introduction	p. 93
4.2 Engineering Design Classification	p. 93
4.3 Three-Phase Design Process	p. 95
4.4 Role of Product Geometry	p. 97
4.5 Multidisciplinary Features in Design	p. 104
4.6 Mechanical Load Analysis	p. 104
4.7 The Engineering Materials	p. 112
4.8 The Machine Elements	p. 112
4.9 The Control Element	p. 114
4.10 Common Factors Related to Overall Design Process	p. 118
4.11 Review of Standards for Engineering Design of Discrete Products	p. 120
4.12 Standards for the Design of Discrete Products	p. 121
4.13 Measurement Standards	p. 122
4.14 Standards Related to Materials	p. 124
4.15 Standards for the Operation of the Product	p. 125
4.16 Safety Standards Related to the Product	p. 125
4.17 Quality Standards Related to the Product	p. 127
4.18 Reliability Standards Related to the Product	p. 129
4.19 Standards Related to Maintainability	p. 130
4.20 Product Life Cycle and Emerging Standards	p. 133
4.21 Future Directions in the Standardization of Design Process for Discrete Products	p. 134
Bibliography	p. 135
Chapter 5 Discrete Product Development with Pertinent Standards-A Case Study	p. 137
5.1 System Engineering for Discrete Products	p. 137
5.2 Governing Equations and Standards	p. 138
5.2.1 Combined Loading on the Power Screw-An Example	p. 142
5.2.2 Coefficient of Performance-An Example	p. 159
5.2.3 Engineering Properties and Standards	p. 163
5.3 Multidisciplinary Analysis for Discrete Products	p. 163
5.4 Selection of Standard Components	p. 166
Bibliography	p. 166
Part 3 Standards in Manufacturing of Discrete Products	p. 167
Chapter 6 Review of Standards for Manufacturing-Equipment Perspective	p. 169
6.1 Manufacturing Processes	p. 169
6.2 Production Equipment	p. 169
6.3 Elements of Manufacturing Systems	p. 173
6.4 Standards for Manufacturing Equipment	p. 180
6.5 Standards for Design of Manufacturing Equipment	p. 182
6.6 Standards Related to MMI and HCI	p. 183
6.7 Standards Related to Operation of the Equipment	p. 184
6.8 Standards Related to Measurements and Measuring Equipment Precision	p. 192
6.9 Use of Standards in Manufacturing Operations	p. 193
6.10 Standards Related to Quality Control	p. 199
6.11 Safety Standards Related to Use of Equipment	p. 199
6.12 Reliability Standards Related to the Use of Equipment	p. 203
6.13 Maintainability Standards Related to Use of Equipment	p. 211
6.14 Waste-Disposal Standards	p. 213
6.15 Equipment Life Cycle Standard	p. 214
6.16 Standards Related to Information Transfer	p. 220
6.17 Standards Related to Material-Handling Equipment	p. 220
6.18 Future Directions in the Standardization of Manufacturing Equipment	p. 222
Bibliography	p. 226
Chapter 7 Process Planning for a Revolute Robot Using Pertinent Standards-A Case Study	p. 229
7.1 Process Planning	p. 229
7.2 Manufacturing Facilities and Available Resources	p. 230
7.3 Use of Standards in Process Planning	p. 230
7.4 Process Planning for a Revolute Robot	p. 230
7.4.1 Process Planning for Parts in Subassemblies	p. 231
7.4.2 Process Planning for the Subassemblies	p. 232
7.4.3 Process Planning for the Robot Assembly	p. 232
Bibliography	p. 332
Part 4 Standards for the Use of Discrete Products	p. 335
Chapter 8 Review of Standards Related to the Usage of Discrete Product-A User's Perspective	p. 337
8.1 Introduction	p. 337
8.2 Standards Related to Man-Machine Interface in Discrete Products	p. 338
8.3 Standards Related to Human-Computer Interaction in Discrete Products	p. 338
8.4 Standards Related to Ergonomics of Discrete Products	p. 338
8.5 Standards Related to Output from the Discrete Products	p. 346
Bibliography	p. 359
Chapter 9 Application of Human Factors to Design and Manufacturing of Discrete Products-A Case Study	p. 361
9.1 Introduction	p. 361
9.2 Capabilities and Limitations of Users	p. 362
9.2.1 The Auditory Modality	p. 362
9.2.2 The Visual Modality	p. 362
9.2.3 Other Sensory Limitations	p. 362
9.3 Information-Processing Limitations	p. 362
9.3.1 Expectations	p. 362
9.3.2 Information Processing	p. 362
9.3.3 Emotionalism	p. 363
9.3.4 Boredom	p. 363
9.3.5 Sensitivity to Stress	p. 363
9.4 Limitations of an Effector Subsystem	p. 363
9.4.1 Body Measurement, or Anthropometry	p. 363
9.4.2 Lifting and Force Capabilities	p. 363
9.4.3 Response-Speed Capability	p. 363
9.4.4 Tracking Capabilities	p. 363
9.5 Human Performance Criteria	p. 364
9.5.1 Workplace Design Criteria	p. 365
9.5.2 Human Performance Assessment Criteria	p. 365
9.6 The Availability and Application of Standard Information	p. 365
Bibliography	p. 369
Part 5 Support Standards in Design and Manufacturing of Discrete Products	p. 371
Chapter 10 Review of Support Standards for Discrete Products	p. 373
10.1 Automation in Discrete Products	p. 373
10.1.1 Information Representation, Coding, and Exchange Standards	p. 374
10.1.2 Interface Hardware Standards	p. 374
10.1.3 Standards Related to Sensors, Transducers, and Actuators	p. 374
10.1.4 Data Communication Standards	p. 377
10.1.5 Standards Related to Programming Languages	p. 381
10.1.6 Software-Development Standards	p. 381
10.2 Quality Assurance	p. 381
10.2.1 Quality-Assurance Standards	p. 382
10.3 Environmental Considerations	p. 386
10.3.1 Standards Related to Disassembly, Recycling, and Disposal	p. 386
10.3.2 Standards Related to Environmental Impact	p. 388
10.4 e-Business Related Standards	p. 390
Bibliography	p. 391
Chapter 11 Digital Interfacing and Control Software Development-A Case Study	p. 393
11.1 Microprocessor Interfacing for Discrete Products	p. 393
11.2 Interface Circuit Design	p. 394
11.3 Control Software Design	p. 395
11.3.1 Use of Application-Specific Standard for the Development of Control Software	p. 395
11.4 Microprocessor Interfacing for a Computerized Numerical Control Milling Machine	p. 396
11.4.1 Design of Printed Circuit Boards for Implementation of Computerized Numerical Control at a Milling Machine	p. 398
11.4.2 Software Modules for a Computerized Numerical Control Milling Machine	p. 398
11.4.3 Use of Standards in Developing Control Software and Hardware for Computerized Numerical Control Milling Machine	p. 498
Bibliography	p. 499
Appendix	p. 501
A1 Digital Catalogs for Standard Mechanical Components	p. 501
A2 Digital Catalogs for Standard Machine Elements	p. 501
A3 Digital Catalogs for Standard Control Elements	p. 501
A4 Digital Catalogs for Engineering Materials	p. 501
A5 Digital Libraries for Standards	p. 502
A6 Digital Websites Related to Standards	p. 502
Index	p. 503

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