Handbook of technical textiles

While various books address the technical textile industry, most are vague or narrow in scope, addressing only a specific process, fabric structure, or area of application. Although the development of technical and industrial applications for textiles goes back many years, more recent milestones have marked the emergence of technical textiles, as we know them today. Very largely, these have centered upon new materials, processes, and applications.

A comprehensive new book, HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES provides in-depth coverage of all the principal aspects of manufacturing processes and fabric structures, plus in-depth reporting on all major applications of high-tech textiles. This publication examines textiles for a wide range of industrial uses, including heat and flame protection applications, waterproof and breathable fabrics, geotextiles and natural fibre geotextiles; as well as the use of textiles in medicine, defence, transport and filtration; textiles for survival, and textiles and the environment.

HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES is ideal for textile yarn and fibre manufacturers, producers of woven, knitted, and non-woven fabrics, textile finishers, and companies producing new textile coatings and colorants. If you work with textiles in any capacity, this will prove itself an indispensable guide and an up-to-date reference book.

Chris ByrneMohsen MiraftabX Chen and R H GongWalter S SondhelmSubhash C AnandPhilip A SmithMichael E HallMichael E HallIan HolmePushpa BajajStephen L OginDavid A HolmesEdwin HardmanPeter R RankilorMartin Pritchard and Robert W Sarsby and Subhash C AnandAlistair J Rigby and Subhash C AnandRichard A ScottDavid A HolmesWalter FungKeith Slater

Preface	p. xiii
List of contributors	p. xv
1 Technical textiles market--an overview	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Definition and scope of technical textiles	p. 2
1.3 Milestones in the development of technical textiles	p. 6
1.4 Textile processes	p. 10
1.5 Applications	p. 11
1.6 Globalisation of technical textiles	p. 18
1.7 Future of the technical textiles industry	p. 19
References	p. 23
2 Technical fibres	p. 24
2.1 Introduction	p. 24
2.2 Conventional fibres	p. 25
2.3 High strength and high modulus organic fibres	p. 29
2.4 High chemical- and combustion-resistant organic fibres	p. 30
2.5 High performance inorganic fibres	p. 31
2.6 Ultra-fine and novelty fibres	p. 33
2.7 Civil and agricultural engineering	p. 34
2.8 Automotive and aeronautics	p. 36
2.9 Medical and hygiene applications	p. 37
2.10 Protection and defence	p. 38
2.11 Miscellaneous	p. 39
2.12 Conclusions	p. 39
References	p. 40
3 Technical yarns	p. 42
3.1 Introduction	p. 42
3.2 Staple fibre yarns	p. 42
3.3 Filament yarns	p. 55
Bibliography	p. 60
4 Technical fabric structures--1. Woven fabrics	p. 62
4.1 Introduction	p. 62
4.2 Weave structures	p. 63
4.3 Selvedge	p. 74
4.4 Fabric specifications and fabric geometry	p. 77
4.5 Weaving--machines (looms) and operations	p. 80
4.6 The future	p. 94
References	p. 94
5 Technical fabric structures--2. Knitted fabrics	p. 95
5.1 Terms and definitions	p. 95
5.2 Weft knitting machines	p. 97
5.3 Weft-knitted structures	p. 105
5.4 Process control in weft knitting	p. 105
5.5 End-use applications of weft-knitted fabrics	p. 110
5.6 Warp-knitting machines	p. 113
5.7 Warp-knitted structures	p. 119
References	p. 129
6 Technical fabric structures--3. Nonwoven fabrics	p. 130
6.1 Introduction	p. 130
6.2 Methods of batt production using carding machines	p. 131
6.3 Air laying	p. 134
6.4 Wet laying	p. 136
6.5 Dry laying wood pulp	p. 136
6.6 Spun laying	p. 137
6.7 Flash spinning	p. 138
6.8 Melt blown	p. 139
6.9 Chemical bonding	p. 140
6.10 Thermal bonding	p. 143
6.11 Solvent bonding	p. 145
6.12 Needlefelting	p. 145
6.13 Stitch bonding	p. 148
6.14 Hydroentanglement	p. 150
Bibliography	p. 151
7 Finishing of technical textiles	p. 152
7.1 Introduction	p. 152
7.2 Finishing processes	p. 152
7.3 Mechanical finishes	p. 153
7.4 Heat setting	p. 161
7.5 Chemical processes	p. 164
References	p. 172
8 Coating of technical textiles	p. 173
8.1 Introduction	p. 173
8.2 Chemistry of coated textiles	p. 173
8.3 Coating techniques	p. 179
8.4 Fusible interlinings	p. 183
8.5 Laminating	p. 185
References	p. 186
9 Coloration of technical textiles	p. 187
9.1 Introduction	p. 187
9.2 Objectives of coloration	p. 187
9.3 Coloration of technical textiles	p. 188
9.4 Dye classes and pigments	p. 192
9.5 Mass coloration of artificial fibres	p. 200
9.6 Conventional dyeing and printing of technical textiles	p. 204
9.7 Total colour management systems	p. 208
9.8 Dyeing machinery	p. 211
9.9 Printing	p. 215
9.10 Colour fastness of technical textiles	p. 217
References	p. 219
10 Heat and flame protection	p. 223
10.1 Introduction	p. 223
10.2 What constitutes flammability?	p. 224
10.3 Thermal behaviour of fibres	p. 224
10.4 Selection of fibres suitable for thermal and flame protection	p. 229
10.5 Fire-retardant finishes	p. 246
10.6 Flame-retardant test methods	p. 252
10.7 Summary	p. 258
References	p. 259
11 Textile-reinforced composite materials	p. 264
11.1 Composite materials	p. 264
11.2 Textile reinforcement	p. 265
11.3 Woven fabric-reinforced composites	p. 270
11.4 Braided reinforcement	p. 273
11.5 Knitted reinforcement	p. 274
11.6 Stitched fabrics	p. 277
11.7 Conclusion	p. 279
References	p. 279
12 Waterproof breathable fabrics	p. 282
12.1 What are waterproof breathable fabrics?	p. 282
12.2 Types of waterproof breathable fabric	p. 284
12.3 Assessment techniques	p. 294
12.4 Performance of waterproof breathable fabrics	p. 303
References	p. 314
13 Textiles in filtration	p. 316
13.1 Introduction	p. 316
13.2 Dust collection	p. 317
13.3 Fabric construction	p. 326
13.4 Finishing treatments	p. 328
13.5 Solid-liquid separation	p. 333
13.6 Yarn types and fabric constructions	p. 341
13.7 Fabric constructions and properties	p. 347
13.8 Production equipment	p. 351
13.9 Finishing treatments	p. 352
13.10 Fabric test procedures	p. 355
References	p. 357
14 Textiles in civil engineering. Part 1--geotextiles	p. 358
14.1 Introduction to geotextiles	p. 358
14.2 Geosynthetics	p. 360
14.3 Essential properties of geotextiles	p. 362
14.4 Conclusions	p. 370
References	p. 371
14 Textiles in civil engineering. Part 2--natural fibre geotextiles	p. 372
14.5 Introduction	p. 372
14.6 Development of natural materials as geotextiles	p. 372
14.7 Natural fibres	p. 374
14.8 Applications for natural geotextiles	p. 378
14.9 Engineering properties of geotextiles	p. 391
14.10 Present state and uses of vegetable fibre geotextiles	p. 392
14.11 Performance of natural fibre geotextiles for soil strengthening	p. 393
14.12 Geotextile structure forms	p. 395
14.13 Frictional resistance of geotextiles	p. 400
14.14 Conclusions	p. 405
14.15 Relevant British standards	p. 405
References	p. 406
15 Medical textiles	p. 407
15.1 Introduction	p. 407
15.2 Fibres used	p. 408
15.3 Non-implantable materials	p. 410
15.4 Extracorporeal devices	p. 412
15.5 Implantable materials	p. 415
15.6 Healthcare/hygiene products	p. 420
15.7 Conclusions	p. 423
References	p. 423
16 Textiles in defence	p. 425
16.1 Introduction	p. 425
16.2 Historical background	p. 425
16.3 Criteria for modern military textile materials	p. 427
16.4 Incompatibilities in military materials systems	p. 427
16.5 Textiles for environmental protection	p. 430
16.6 Thermal insulation materials	p. 432
16.7 Water vapour permeable/waterproof materials	p. 435
16.8 Military combat clothing systems	p. 436
16.9 Camouflage concealment and deception	p. 439
16.10 Flame-retardant, heat protective textiles	p. 448
16.11 Ballistic protective materials	p. 452
16.12 Biological and chemical warfare protection	p. 457
References	p. 458
17 Textiles for survival	p. 461
17.1 Introduction	p. 461
17.2 Short term (accident) survival	p. 463
17.3 Long term survival	p. 466
17.4 Conclusions	p. 488
References	p. 488
18 Textiles in transportation	p. 490
18.1 Introduction	p. 490
18.2 Textiles in passenger cars	p. 497
18.3 Textiles in other road vehicles	p. 516
18.4 Rail applications	p. 517
18.5 Textiles in aircraft	p. 519
18.6 Marine applications	p. 521
18.7 Future prospects for transportation textiles	p. 523
Acknowledgements	p. 523
References	p. 524
19 Textiles and the environment	p. 529
19.1 Introduction	p. 529
19.2 Degradation	p. 530
19.3 Resource depletion and pollution	p. 531
19.4 Textile sources of environmental harm	p. 532
19.5 Textile sources of pollution	p. 533
19.6 Effects on the environment	p. 537
19.7 Environmental harm reduction	p. 538
19.8 Future prospects	p. 539
References	p. 542
Index	p. 543

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