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Library | Materyal Türü | Barkod | Yer Numarası | Durum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... Pamukkale Merkez Kütüphanesi | Kitap | 0060644 | JA71R297 2008 | Searching... Unknown |
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This last book by the late John Rawls, derived from written lectures and notes for his long-running course on modern political philosophy, offers readers an account of the liberal political tradition from a scholar viewed by many as the greatest contemporary exponent of the philosophy behind that tradition.
Rawls's goal in the lectures was, he wrote, "to identify the more central features of liberalism as expressing a political conception of justice when liberalism is viewed from within the tradition of democratic constitutionalism." He does this by looking at several strands that make up the liberal and democratic constitutional traditions, and at the historical figures who best represent these strands--among them the contractarians Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau; the utilitarians Hume, Sidgwick, and J. S. Mill; and Marx regarded as a critic of liberalism. Rawls's lectures on Bishop Joseph Butler also are included in an appendix. Constantly revised and refined over three decades, Rawls's lectures on these figures reflect his developing and changing views on the history of liberalism and democracy--as well as how he saw his own work in relation to those traditions.
With its clear and careful analyses of the doctrine of the social contract, utilitarianism, and socialism--and of their most influential proponents--this volume has a critical place in the traditions it expounds. Marked by Rawls's characteristic patience and curiosity, and scrupulously edited by his student and teaching assistant, Samuel Freeman, these lectures are a fitting final addition to his oeuvre, and to the history of political philosophy as well.
Author Notes
John Rawls, professor of philosophy at Harvard University, had published a number of articles on the concept of justice as fairness before the appearance of his magnum opus, A Theory of Justice (1971). While the articles had won for Rawls considerable prestige, the reception of his book thrust him into the front ranks of contemporary moral philosophy. Presenting a Kantian alternative to conventional utilitarianism and intuitionism, Rawls offers a theory of justice that is contractual and that rests on principles that he alleges would be accepted by free, rational persons in a state of nature, that is, of equality. The chorus of praise was loud and clear. Stuart Hampshire acclaimed the book as "the most substantial and interesting contribution to moral philosophy since the war."H. A. Bedau declared: "As a work of close and original scholarship in the service of the dominant moral and political ideology of our civilization, Rawls's treatise is simply without a rival." Rawls historically achieved two important things: (1) He articulated a coherent moral philosophy for the welfare state, and (2) he demonstrated that analytic philosophy was most capable of doing constructive work in moral philosophy. A Theory of Justice has become the most influential work in political, legal, and social philosophy by an American author in the twentieth century. (Bowker Author Biography)
Reviews (2)
Choice Review
John Rawls is perhaps the most influential Western political philosopher of the twentieth century. The late Harvard philosopher's 1971 A Theory of Justice is often credited with bestowing that title upon him. In that book he drew on the works of John Locke and Immanuel Kant, among others, to criticize utilitarian theory and defend an egalitarian version of political liberalism. This volume draws together his Harvard lectures on political philosophy and liberalism, providing his insights and interpretations of Locke and Kant, as well as Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and others. In these lectures Rawls reveals how he interpreted these philosophers both in light of their historical circumstances and problems they were trying to address, and also in light of contemporary political debates. The opening chapter also describes the goals and purposes of political philosophy, offering an account of how to understand the topic and theorists historically, and explaining how these works should be understood and employed within a democratic society. This is a must addition to political theory, philosophy, and law collections. Summing Up: Essential. Upper-division undergraduates and above. D. Schultz Hamline University
Library Journal Review
After the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971, Rawls (1921-2002) became the most influential moral and political philosopher in the Western world. As such, the issuing of this posthumous volume, carefully edited by Freeman (philosophy & law, Univ. of Pennsylvania), a former student and teaching assistant from Rawls's courses at Harvard University, is a major event. Rawls discusses Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, J.S. Mill, and Karl Marx (appendixes treat Henry Sidgwick and Joseph Butler as well). He is especially concerned with how each thinker views the fair terms of social cooperation. He distinguishes between being rational (i.e., efficient in pursuit of one's ends) and being reasonable (i.e., willing to cooperate on fair terms with others)-Hobbes did not make this distinction, but it is useful in explaining Locke and Rousseau. Rawls finds in Rousseau the notion of public reason, the key concept of his Political Liberalism. He devotes much attention to the utilitarian tradition, the principal rival of his own approach. An unexpected feature is a sympathetic discussion of Marx. Highly recommended for all philosophy collections.-David Gordon, Bowling Green State Univ., OH (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Table of Contents
| Editor's |
| Foreword |
| Introductory Remarks Texts Cited |
| Introduction: Remarks on Political Philosophy |
| Lectures on Hobbes |
| Lecture I Hobbes's Secular Moralism and the Role of His Social Contract |
| Lecture II Human Nature and the State of Nature |
| Lecture III Hobbes's Account of Practical Reasoning |
| Lecture IV The Role and Powers of the Sovereign |
| Appendix: Hobbes |
| Index |
| Lectures on Locke |
| Lecture I His Doctrine of Natural Law |
| Lecture II His Account of a Legitimate Regime |
| Lecture III Property and the Class State |
| Lectures on Hume |
| Lecture I "Of the Original Contract" |
| Lecture II Utility, Justice, and the Judicious Spectator |
| Lectures on Rousseau |
| Lecture I The Social Contract: Its Problem |
| Lecture II The Social Contract: Assumptions and the General Will (I) |
| Lecture III The General Will (II) and the Question of Stability |
| Lectures on Mill |
| Lecture I His Conception of Utility |
| Lecture II His Account of Justice |
| Lecture III The Principle of Liberty |
| Lecture IV His Doctrine as a Whole |
| Appendix: Remarks on Mill's Social Theory |
| Lectures on Marx |
| Lecture I His View of Capitalism as a Social System |
| Lecture II His Conception of Right and Justice |
| Lecture III His Ideal: A Society of Freely Associated Producers |
| Appendixes |
| Four Lectures on Henry Sidgwick |
| Lecture I Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics |
| Lecture II Sidgwick on Justice and on the Classical Principle of Utility |
| Lecture III Sidgwick's Utilitarianism |
| Lecture IV Summary of Utilitarianism |
| Five Lectures on Joseph Butler |
| Lecture I The Moral Constitution of Human Nature |
| Lecture II The Nature and Authority of Conscience |
| Lecture III The Economy of the Passions |
| Lecture IV Butler's Argument against Egoism |
| Lecture V Supposed Conflict between Conscience and Self-Love |
| Appendix: Additional |
| Notes on Butler |
| Course Outline |
| Index |