Chemistry of zeolites and related porous materials : synthesis and structure

Widely used in adsorption, catalysis and ion exchange, the family of molecular sieves such as zeolites has been greatly extended and many advances have recently been achieved in the field of molecular sieves synthesis and related porous materials. Chemistry of Zeolites and Related Porous Materials focuses on the synthetic and structural chemistry of the major types of molecular sieves. It offers a systematic introduction to and an in-depth discussion of microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous materials and also includes metal-organic frameworks.

Provides focused coverage of the key aspects of molecular sieves Features two frontier subjects: molecular engineering and host-guest advanced materials Comprehensively covers both theory and application with particular emphasis on industrial uses

This book is essential reading for researches in the chemical and materials industries and research institutions. The book is also indispensable for researches and engineers in R&D (for catalysis) divisions of companies in petroleum refining and the petrochemical and fine chemical industries.

Author Notes

Professor Ruren Xu is Professor of Chemistry at Jilin University, P. R. China and an elected member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. With over 400 papers in international journals and 6 research monographs, he is known worldwide for contributions in the synthesis of new families of microporous materials, establishment of solvothermal synthetic route, and pioneering work in the rational micropore-synthesis. Prof. Xu has served as a main editor or on the editorial board for 12 journals in the field. He was a councilor of International Zeolite Association from 1998 to 2004 and is the current President of Chinese Zeolite Association. Between 2005 and 2007, he is also the Chairman for the 15th International Zeolite Conference.

Prof. Wenqin Pang is Professor of Chemistry at Jilin University, with research interest on synthetic chemistry of micro- and mesoporous compounds, especially on hetro-atom containing porous materials. She has published over 300 papers and 5 books.

Prof. Jihong Yu is Professor of Chemistry at Jilin University. Her research interest is design and synthesis of inorganic open-framework materials, with over 100 papers. She is a member of editorial boards of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials and Current Chemical Biology .

Dr. Qisheng Huo is a Staff Member, Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA. His current research interests include the design and synthesis of multi-functional nano-structured catalyst.

Prof. Jiesheng Chen is Professor of Chemistry, Jilin University. His research interests are host-guest chemistry and physics, and synthesis of solid compounds with new structures and functions. He has published over 120 papers.

Preface

1 Introduction

1.1 The Evolution and Development of Porous Materials

1.1.1 From Natural Zeolites to Synthesized Zeolites

1.1.2 From Low-silica to High-silica Zeolites

1.1.3 From Zeolites to Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves and Other Microporous Phosphates

1.1.4 From 12-Membered-ring Micropores to Extra-large Micropores

1.1.5 From Extra-large Micropores to Mesopores

1.1.6 Emergence of Macroporous Materials

1.1.7 From Inorganic Porous Frameworks to Porous Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs)

1.2 Main Applications and Prospects

1.2.1 The Traditional Fields of Application and Prospects of Microporous Molecular Sieves

1.2.2 Prospects in the Application Fields of Novel, High-tech, and Advanced Materials

1.2.3 The Main Application Fields and Prospects for Mesoporous Materials

1.3 The Development of Chemistry for Molecular Sieves and Porous Materials

1.3.1 The Development from Synthesis Chemistry to Molecular Engineering of Porous Materials

1.3.2 Developments in the Catalysis Study of Porous Materials

2 Structural Chemistry of Microporous Materials

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Structural Building Units of Zeolites

2.2.1 Primary Building Units

2.2.2 Secondary Building Units (SBUs)

2.2.3 Characteristic Cage-building Units

2.2.4 Characteristic Chain- and Layer-building Units

2.2.5 Periodic Building Units (PBUs)

2.3 Composition of Zeolites

2.3.1 Framework Composition

2.3.2 Distribution and Position of Cations in the Structure

2.3.3 Organic Templates

2.4 Framework Structures of Zeolites

2.4.1 Loop Configuration and Coordination Sequences

2.4.2 Ring Number of Pore Opening and Channel Dimension in Zeolites

2.4.3 Framework Densities (FDs)

2.4.4 Selected Zeolite Framework Structures

2.5 Zeolitic Open-framework Structures

2.5.1 Anionic Framework Aluminophosphates with Al/P (less than or equal to) 1

2.5.2 Open-framework Gallophosphates with Extra-large Pores

2.5.3 Indium Phosphates with Extra-large Pores and Chiral Open Frameworks

2.5.4 Zinc Phosphates with Extra-large Pores and Chiral Open Frameworks

2.5.5 Iron and Nickel Phosphates with Extra-large Pores

2.5.6 Vanadium Phosphates with Extra-large Pores and Chiral Open Frameworks

2.5.7 Germanates with Extra-large Pores

2.5.8 Indium Sulfides with Extra-large-pore Open Frameworks

2.6 Summary

3 Synthetic Chemistry of Microporous Compounds (I) - Fundamentals and Synthetic Routes

3.1 Introduction to Hydro(solvo)thermal Synthesis

3.1.1 Features of Hydro(solvo)thermal Synthetic Reactions

3.1.2 Basic Types of Hydro(solvo)thermal Reactions

3.1.3 Properties of Reaction Media

3.1.4 Hydro(solvo)thermal Synthesis Techniques

3.1.5 Survey of the Applications of Hydro(solvo)thermal Synthetic Routes in the Synthesis of Microporous Crystals and the Preparation of Porous Materials

3.2 Synthetic Approaches and Basic Synthetic Laws for Microporous Compounds

3.2.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis Approach to Zeolites

3.2.2 Solvothermal Synthesis Approach to Aluminophosphates

3.2.3 Crystallization of Zeolites under Microwave Irradiation

3.2.4 Hydrothermal Synthesis Approach in the Presence of Fluoride Source

3.2.5 Special Synthesis Approaches and Recent Progresses

3.2.6 Application of Combinatorial Synthesis Approach and Technology in the Preparation of Microporous Compounds

3.3 Typical Synthetic Procedures for some Important Molecular Sieves

3.3.1 Linde Type A (LTA)

3.3.2 Faujasite (FAU)

3.3.3 Mordenite (MOR)

3.3.4 ZSM-5 (MFI)

3.3.5 Zeolite Beta (BEA)

3.3.6 Linde Type L (LTL)

3.3.7 AlPO 4 -5 (AFI)

3.3.8 AlPO 4 -11 (AEL). 3

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Author Notes

Table of Contents