Integrated watershed management : principles and practice

It has been said that "water is the next oil." A strong global consensus has begun to develop that effective water management must start at the watershed level, and that water management actions must be taken in the context of watersheds, and the human communities in them. Integrated Watershed Management: Principles and Practice, Second Edition presents a flexible, integrated framework for watershed management that addresses the biophysical, social, and economic issues affecting water resources and their use.

Comprehensive in scope and multidisciplinary in approach, it equips readers with the necessary tools and techniques to develop sound watershed management policy and practice--from problem definition and goal setting to selecting management strategies and procedures for monitoring implementation. Ten years of practice have demonstrated that the core concepts presented in the first edition of this book remain true and important. This Second Edition is fully updated to reflect current practice and recent experience in watershed management, including:

New coverage of strategies for the selection and evaluation of public engagement processes

Sampling, data management, and computer simulation technologies

Recent legislative changes

International watershed issues

Many new case studies

Water resources planning and management is not just a technical challenge; it is also a social challenge, and an opportunity. It is, ultimately, a framework for human societies to shape, protect, and improve the environment in which they live. Providing a rational framework for the development of water resources management strategies, Integrated Watershed Management, Second Edition is a one-stop resource for upper-level students and professionals in environmental science, natural resource management, and environmental engineering.

Author Notes

Isobel W. Heathcote is Professor of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Sciences at the University of Guelph in Canada. She is also a former Canadian Co-Chair of the Science Advisory Board of the International Joint Commission and is the author of over 140 papers, water policy analyses, and presentations.

Preface	p. ix
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Current Issues in Water Management	p. 5
1.2 Characteristics of Effective Watershed Management	p. 8
1.3 Why "Integrated" Management?	p. 10
1.4 A Recommended Planning and Management Approach	p. 13
2 The Watershed Inventory	p. 16
2.1 Physical Features and Landforms	p. 16
2.2 Climate	p. 18
2.3 Soils, Infiltration, and Runoff	p. 26
2.4 Streamflow	p. 32
2.5 Groundwater	p. 36
2.6 Water Quality	p. 40
2.7 Plant and Animal Communities	p. 49
2.8 Land Use	p. 55
2.9 Social and Economic Systems	p. 60
2.10 Valued Features and Activities	p. 62
3 Problem Definition and Scoping	p. 64
3.1 Identifying Current Water Uses and Use Impairments	p. 64
3.2 Identifying Current Water Users (Stakeholders)	p. 75
3.3 Setting Targets for Future Use	p. 80
3.4 Scoping the Plan	p. 91
4 The Consultation Process	p. 101
4.1 The Need for Public Involvement	p. 101
4.2 Principles of Consultation	p. 103
4.3 Identifying Interested Publics	p. 110
4.4 Public Involvement Techniques and Processes	p. 17
4.5 Evaluating the Results	p. 139
5 Developing Workable Management Options	p. 141
5.1 Identifying the Sources	p. 141
5.2 Creating a Long list Of Management Options	p. 146
5.3 Types of Options	p. 147
5.4 Developing Mutually Exclusive Management Alternatives	p. 154
5.5 Evaluation Constraints and Criteria	p. 157
6 Simple Assessment Methods	p. 166
6.1 The Watershed Inventory	p. 167
6.2 Scoping	p. 169
6.3 Developing and Screening Management Alternatives	p. 173
6.4 Outputs of a Simple Assessment Process	p. 192
6.5 An Example of the Application of Simple Assessment Procedures	p. 195
7 Detailed Assessment Methods	p. 204
7.1 The Detailed Watershed Inventory	p. 205
7.2 Scoping	p. 222
7.3 Developing and Screening Management Alternatives	p. 235
8 Costing and Financing	p. 256
8.1 Scope and Measures	p. 256
8.2 Costing Major Public Works	p. 270
8.3 Benefit-Cost Analysis	p. 273
8.4 Allocation of Costs Among Multipurpose Projects	p. 280
8.5 Quantifying Intangibles	p. 281
8.6 Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty in Economic Analyses	p. 284
8.7 Capital Financing (Sourcing)	p. 296
9 Legal, Institutional, and Administrative Concerns	p. 300
9.1 The Evolution of Modern Environmental Protection Legislation	p. 300
9.2 Common-Law Causes of Action	p. 309
9.3 The Making of Laws	p. 313
9.4 Existing Legal Frameworks for Water and Environmental Management	p. 320
9.5 Administrative and Institutional Systems	p. 337
9.6 Transboundary Water Issues and Free Trade	p. 342
10 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment	p. 343
10.1 The History of Environmental Assessment Policy	p. 343
10.2 Overview of the EA Process	p. 345
10.3 Challenges in Environmental Assessment	p. 350
10.4 Environmental Assessment Methodologies	p. 355
10.5 Social Impact Assessment	p. 364
10.6 Strategic Environmental Assessment	p. 369
10.7 Monitoring and Follow-Up	p. 371
10.8 The Shortcomings of Environmental Assessment	p. 372
11 Choosing the Best Plan	p. 376
11.1 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Options and Strategies	p. 376
11.2 Implementation Considerations	p. 383
11.3 Case Study: Watershed Management for Gander Lake, Newfoundland	p. 385
12 Implementing the Plan	p. 388
12.1 Principles of Water Resources Administration	p. 389
12.2 Planning for Successful Implementation	p. 394
12.3 Why Implementation Sometimes Fails	p. 404
12.4 Case Studies	p. 408
12.5 Lessons Learned	p. 418
References	p. 421
Index	p. 441

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