Urban transit : operations, planning and economics

Global in scope, up-to-date with current practice, and written by an internationally renowned expert, Urban Transit: Operations, Planning, and Economics is a unique volume covering the full range of issues involved in the operation, planning, and financing of transit systems.

Presenting both theoretical concepts and practical, real-world methodologies for operations, planning and analyses of transit systems, this book is a comprehensive single-volume text and reference for students as well as professionals.

The thorough examination of technical fundamentals and management principles in this book enables readers to address projects across the globe despite nuances in regulations and laws. Dozens of worked problems and end-of-chapter exercises help familiarize the reader with the formulae and analytical techniques presented in the book's three convenient sections:

Transit System Operations and Networks Transit Agency Operations, Economics, and Organization Transit System Planning

Visually enhanced with nearly 250 illustrations, Urban Transit: Operations, Planning, and Economics is a reliable source of the latest information for transit planners and operators in transit agencies, metropolitan planning organizations, city governments, consulting firms as well as students of transportation engineering and city planning at universities and in professional courses.

Author Notes

Vukan R. Vuchic, PhD, is UPS Foundation Professor of Transportation Engineering and Professor of City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania. He has consulted in many cities around the world, lectured at seventy universities, and authored more than 140 publications, including the books Urban Public Transportation Systems and Technology and Transportation for Livable Cities.

Chapter 1 Transit Operations and Service Scheduling

1.1 Basic operating elements

1.1.1 Line, network, stop and station

1.1.2 Vehicles, transit units and fleet size

1.1.3 Usage of service: Passenger flow and volume

1.1.4 Operating elements: Headway and frequency

1.1.5 Capacity, work and utilization

1.1.6 Travel times

1.1.7 Speeds

1.2 Information files and data collection: surveys and counts

1.2.1 Organization of surveys

1.2.2 Transit speed-and-delay survey

1.2.3 Passenger volume and load count

1.2.4 Passenger boarding and alighting counts

1.2.5 Other types of surveys

1.3 Transit travel characteristics

1.3.1 Factors influencing transit travel

1.3.2 Spatial distribution of transit travel

1.3.3 Temporal variations of transit travel

1.3.4 Passenger volume analysis and service capacity determination

1.3.5 Characteristics of travel on a transit line

1.3.6 Indicators of transit usage

1.4 Scheduling of service

1.4.1 Components of the scheduling process

1.4.2 Determination of service requirements

1.4.3 Scheduling procedure

1.4.4 Procedure summary, examples and numerical schedules

1.4.5 Graphical presentations of transit operations

1.4.6 Crew scheduling or run-cutting

1.4.7 Use of computers in scheduling

1.4.8 Measures of operating efficiency

Chapter 2 Capacity, Speed, Accelerated and Special Operations

2.1 Transit line capacity

2.1.1 Elements of line capacity

2.1.2 Capacity computations

2.1.3 Systems approach to transit line capacity

2.1.4 Capacities of different modes

2.2 Increase of transit speed

2.2.1 Desirability of speed increase

2.2.2 Possible measures for speed increase

2.2.3 Sensitivity of transit speeds to elements of cycle time

2.2.4 Evaluations of measures for speed increase

2.3 Stops and stopping regimes

2.3.1 Definitions and relationships

2.3.2 Stopping regimes and stops

2.3.3 Practical values of stop spacings

2.4 Accelerated rail transit operations with fixed stopping schedules

2.4.1 Skip-stop operation

2.4.2 Zonal operation

2.4.3 Express/local operation

2.4.4 Comparison of all-stop, skip-stop, zonal and express/local operations

2.4.5 Methodology for selection of accelerated operations

2.5 Scheduling of single-track lines, circle lines and trunk lines with branches

2.5.1 Single-track lines

2.5.2 Circle lines

2.5.3 Trunk lines with branches

Chapter 3 Modeling and Optimization in Transit Systems Analysis

3.1 Application of systems analysis in transit

3.1.1 Introduction of methodology

3.1.2 Classification of applications

3.2 Conceptual models

3.2.1 The conceptual modeling methodology

3.2.2 Representative applications of conceptual models

3.3 Mathematical modeling procedure and applications

3.3.1 The mathematical modeling procedure

3.3.2 Models for optimization of rolling stock

3.3.3 Models for analysis of operations

3.4 Applications of simulation methodology

3.5 Evaluation of systems analysis and operations research in transit

Chapter 4 Transit Lines and Networks

4.1 Planning objectives, principles and considerations

4.1.1 Passenger attraction

4.1.2 Network operating efficiency

4.1.3 Network - city interactions

4.2 Geometry of transit lines

4.2.1 Spacing of parallel lines

4.2.2 Line lengths

4.2.3 Line alignments

4.2.4 Independent vs. integrated lines

4.3 Types of transit lines and their characteristics

4.3.1 Radial and diametrical lines

4.3.2 Tangential, circumferential, circle and loop lines

4.3.3 Trunk lines with branches and feeders

4.3.4 Rights-of-way in special alignments

4.4 Transfers in transit networks

4.4.1 Classification of transfers by headway length

4.4.2 Classification of transfers by ty

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