The Amuq Valley regional projects.

The results of the Amuq Valley Regional Projects (AVRP) presented in this volume are the outcome of eight seasons of intensive fieldwork (1995-2002) representing the first phase of a long-range, broadly-based archaeological investigation in the Hatay region of southern Turkey. From its inception the research was conceived as a series of coordinated field projects. The detailed and expansive scope of the regional project originated from a number of theoretical and methodological considerations. Encouraged in part by its potential for providing the examination of interactions between technological developments, complex social institutions, natural resources, and the environment, the original Oriental Institute project (then called the Syro-Hittite Expedition) in the 1930s was formally reactivated in 1995. The strategy of taking a regional approach with a series of linked field projects established an unusual multi-institutional laboratory to research key themes that it is hoped will provide explanations about regional and interregional relationships. The initial stage of the research strategy focused on contextualising the settlements by survey, followed by site-specific investigations prior to the resumption of new excavations. The regional surveys targeted the Amuq Valley (the plain of Antioch, today Antakya) and the delta of the Orontes River (today Samandag). Artifactual and micro-scale studies were the focus of the third scale of investigations.

Kutlu Aslihan YenerJesse J. Casana and Tony J. WilkinsonHatice PamirKutlu Aslihan YenerStephen Batiuk and Aaron A. BurkeJesse J. Casana and Amy Rebecca GansellStephen Batiuk and Timothy P. Harrison and Laurence PavlishKutlu Aslihan YenerJesse J. Casana and Tony J. WilkinsonRobert K. Ritner

List of Abbreviations	p. ix
List of Figures	p. xi
List of Plates	p. xvii
List of Tables	p. xvii
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Team Members by Name and Season	p. xxi
Bibliography	p. xxiii
Chapter 1 The Amuq Valley Regional Projects	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Importance of the Amuq	p. 2
A Short History of Investigations	p. 4
The Amuq Valley Regional Projects 1995-2002	p. 7
The Research Design	p. 9
Regional Investigations	p. 10
Site-specific Investigations	p. 11
Artifactual Investigations	p. 14
Outreach Programs	p. 15
Terminology and Definitions	p. 16
Chapter 2 Settlement and Landscapes in the Amuq Region	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
History and Techniques of Survey	p. 25
The Amuq Valley Regional Project Survey	p. 26
The Physical Environment and Geoarchaeology	p. 28
Diminishing Archaeological Record: Physical Transformations	p. 30
Diminishing Archaeological Record: Cultural Transformations	p. 31
Environmental Context of Prehistoric Settlement	p. 33
Patterns of Settlement through Time	p. 34
Paleolithic	p. 34
Epipaleolithic and Pre-pottery Neolithic	p. 35
Early Prehistoric: Amuq Phases A-D/E	p. 36
Bronze and Iron Age Settlement: Landscape of Tells	p. 37
Dispersed Settlement of Seleucid and Later Times	p. 40
The Islamic Period	p. 44
Conclusions and Future Work	p. 45
Chapter 3 The Orontes Delta Survey	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
The Natural Setting	p. 68
Survey Methods	p. 69
Analyses of the Survey Results	p. 70
Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Sites	p. 70
Bronze Age Sites	p. 70
Iron Age Sites	p. 72
Hellenistic, Roman, and Islamic Sites	p. 73
Conclusions	p. 75
Acknowledgments	p. 76
Chapter 4 Alalakh Spatial Organization	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
Augmenting the Architectural Layouts of Levels VII-0	p. 99
Previous Investigations at Alalakh and Chronology	p. 100
The Oriental Institute Expedition to Alalakh (2000-2002)	p. 103
Alalakh Site Maps	p. 105
Level VII	p. 105
Level VIA and VIB and Level VA and VB	p. 106
Level IV	p. 108
Levels III and II	p. 110
Level I	p. 112
Level 0	p. 112
Conclusion	p. 113
Chapter 5 The Tell Atchana Mapping and Gis Project	p. 145
Objectives	p. 145
Problems	p. 145
Method	p. 149
Conclusions	p. 150
Chapter 6 Surface Ceramics, Off-Site Survey, and Floodplain Development at Tell Atchana (Alalakh)	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
On-site Surface Collection	p. 153
Spatial Distribution of Surface Material	p. 153
Dating of the Bronze Age Surface Material	p. 154
Roman, Late Roman, and Islamic Ceramic Evidence	p. 157
Off-site Surface Collection	p. 157
Floodplain Development	p. 158
Chapter 7 The Ta`Yinat Survey, 1999-2002	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Previous Investigations at Tell Ta`yinat	p. 172
The Syro-Hittite Expedition	p. 172
Historical References to Iron Age Tell Ta`yinat	p. 173
The Ta`yinat Survey	p. 174
Site Topography	p. 175
Geomagnetic Remote Sensing Survey	p. 175
The Surface Survey	p. 176
Sampling Strategy and Recovery Methods	p. 176
Settlement Patterns	p. 176
Miscellaneous Finds	p. 177
Summary Observations	p. 177
Acknowledgments	p. 178
Chapter 8 Conclusions	p. 193
The Amuq Valley and Its Wider Context	p. 193
Paleolithic and Amuq Phases A-D/E (Neolithic-Ubaid)	p. 194
Amuq Phases F-J (Late Fourth to the End of the Third Millennium b.c.)	p. 195
Amuq Phases K-O (Middle/Late Bronze-Iron Ages, ca. 2000-Seventh Century b.c.)	p. 197
Amuq Phases P-V (Hellenistic-Present)	p. 200
Future Goals	p. 201
Appendix A Gazetteer of sites	p. 203
Pottery Assessments	p. 203
Gazetteer of Sites	p. 203
Appendix B Scarab	p. 281
Index of Geographical Names	p. 283
Plates	p. 294

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